Abstract
The stability of q-Gaussian distributions as particular solutions of the linear diffusion equation and its generalized nonlinear form, \(\frac{\partial P(x,t)}{\partial t} = D \frac{\partial ^2 [P(x,t)]^{2-q}}{\partial x^2}\), the porous-medium equation, is investigated through both numerical and analytical approaches. An analysis of the kurtosis of the distributions strongly suggests that an initial q-Gaussian, characterized by an index qi, approaches asymptotically the final, analytic solution of the porous-medium equation, characterized by an index q, in such a way that the relaxation rule for the kurtosis evolves in time according to a q-exponential, with a relaxation index qrel ≡qrel(q). In some cases, particularly when one attempts to transform an infinite-variance distribution (qi ≥ 5/3) into a finite-variance one (q < 5/3), the relaxation towards the asymptotic solution may occur very slowly in time. This fact might shed some light on the slow relaxation, for some long-range-interacting many-body Hamiltonian systems, from long-standing quasi-stationary states to the ultimate thermal equilibrium state.
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Schwämmle, V., Nobre, F. & Tsallis, C. q-Gaussians in the porous-medium equation: stability and time evolution. Eur. Phys. J. B 66, 537–546 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00451-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00451-y