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Double-layered side-polished ultra-highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmonic refractive index sensor

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Abstract

In this work, we offer a double-layered side-polished ultra-highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for various biochemical analyte detection. Gold with titanium oxide (TiO2) as an adhesive layer has been employed acting as the plasmonic material. This study is fully based on simulation with finite element method for numerical inspection. Analyte channel along with a perfectly matched layer as the boundary condition has been placed at the outermost section of the sensor. After regulating different parameters, we attain a maximum wavelength and amplitude sensitivity of 138,800 nm/RIU and 2868 RIU−1, respectively, with a sensing range of 1.33–1.425 refractive indices of the analytes. Minimum wavelength resolution of 7.20 \(\times \) 10–7 RIU is observed which ensures superior detection accuracy. In addition, the sensor achieves an ultra-high figure of merit (FOM) of 5783 RIU−1 which certifies an excellent detection limit. The FOM is the highest among all the previously reported PCF-SPR sensors to the best of the authors’ knowledge up to date. The sensor also reveals a very low average confinement loss of 2.40 dB/cm which assures practical feasibility by minimizing complexity associated with sensor length and splicing. A discontinuous plasmonic material layer has been used in the sensor which enhances cost-efficiency and sensitivity factor. On account of ultra-high sensitivity, low confinement loss, and excessive FOM, our proposed sensor can be very convenient and impressive in detecting various liquid biological and biochemical analytes.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors comment: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.].

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4340560DSR12) and also extend their appreciation and gratitude to Al-Mustaqbal University College in Iraq for funding this project.

Funding

This work is funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4340560DSR12).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh

    Hriteshwar Talukder, M. Hussayeen Khan Anik, M. Ifaz Ahmad Isti & Sakib Mahmud

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Hriteshwar Talukder

  3. Department of Physics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh

    Urmi Talukder

  4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, MI, USA

    Shovasis Kumar Biswas

  5. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Shovasis Kumar Biswas

  6. Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babil, 51001, Iraq

    Baraa Riyadh Altahan

  7. Elearning Deanship and Distance Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia

    Lassaad K. Smirani

  8. Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India

    S. K. Hasane Ahammad

  9. Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32951, Egypt

    Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

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  1. Hriteshwar Talukder
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  2. M. Hussayeen Khan Anik
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  10. Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
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Correspondence to Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed.

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Talukder, H., Hussayeen Khan Anik, M., Ifaz Ahmad Isti, M. et al. Double-layered side-polished ultra-highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmonic refractive index sensor. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 1262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03484-y

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