Abstract.
Small-angle correlations of pairs of protons emitted in central collisions of Ca + Ca, Ru + Ru and Au + Au at beam energies from 400 to 1500MeV per nucleon are investigated with the FOPI detector system at SIS/GSI Darmstadt. Dependences on system size and beam energy are presented which extend the experimental data basis of pp correlations in the SIS energy range substantially. The size of the proton-emitting source is estimated by comparing the experimental data with the output of a final-state interaction model which utilizes either static Gaussian sources or the one-body phase-space distribution of protons provided by the BUU transport approach. The trends in the experimental data, i.e. system size and beam energy dependences, are well reproduced by this hybrid model. However, the pp correlation function is found rather insensitive to the stiffness of the equation of state entering the transport model calculations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.E. Koonin, Phys. Lett. B 70, 43 (1977).
S. Pratt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1219 (1984)
J. Pochodzalla, C.B. Chitwood, D.J. Fields, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch, M.B. Tsang, D.H. Boal, J.C. Shillcock, Phys. Lett. B 174, 36 (1986).
P. Dupieux, Phys. Lett. B 200, 17 (1988)
W.G. Gong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2114 (1990)
W. Bauer, Phys. Rev. C 34, 2127 (1986)
W. Bauer, C.K. Gelbke, S. Pratt, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 42, 77 (1992) and references cited therein.
W. Bauer, Nucl. Phys. A 545, 369c (1992).
H.A. Gustafson, H.H. Gutbrod, B. Kolb, H. Löhner, B. Ludewigt, A.M. Poskanzer, T. Renner, H. Riedesel, H.G. Ritter, A. Warwick, F. Feik, H. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 544 (1984).
G.J. Kunde, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2545 (1993).
M.A. Lisa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3709 (1993).
M.A. Lisa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2863 (1993).
M.A. Lisa, Phys. Rev. C 49, 2788 (1993).
D.O. Handzy, Phys. Rev. C 50, 858 (1994).
D.O. Handzy, S.J. Gaff, W. Bauer, F.C. Daffin, C.K. Gelbke, G.J. Kunde, Phys. Rev. C 51, 2237 (1995).
D.O. Handzy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2916 (1995).
L. Martin, C.K. Gelbke, B. Erazmus, R. Lednicky, Nucl. Phys. A 604, 69 (1996).
ALADiN Collaboration (S. Fritz), Phys. Lett. B 461, 315 (1999).
ALADiN Collaboration (C. Schwarz), Nucl. Phys. A 681, 279 (2001).
FOPI Collaboration (R. Kotte), Z. Phys. A 359, 47 (1997).
R. Kotte for the FOPI Collaboration, Measuring the size of things in the universe: HBT interferometry and heavy ion physics, in Proceedings of CRIS’98, 2nd Catania Relativistic Ion Studies, Acicastello, Italy, June 8-12 1998 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1999) p. 299.
FOPI Collaboration (R. Kotte), Eur. Phys. J. A 6, 185 (1999).
D.A. Brown, P. Danielewicz, Phys. Lett. B 398, 252 (1997).
D.A. Brown, P. Danielewicz, Phys. Rev. C 57, 2474 (1998).
S.Y. Panitkin, D.A. Brown, Phys. Rev. C 61, 021901 (2000).
D.A. Brown, S.Y. Panitkin, G. Bertsch, Phys. Rev. C 62, 014904 (2000).
G. Verde, D.A. Brown, P. Danielewicz, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch, M.B. Tsang, Phys. Rev. C 65, 054609 (2002).
G. Verde, P. Danielewicz, D.A. Brown, W.G. Lynch, C.K. Gelbke, M.B. Tsang, Phys. Rev. C 67, 034606 (2003).
E895 Collaboration (P. Chung), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 162301 (2003).
D.A. Brown, F. Wang, P. Danielewicz, Phys. Lett. B 470, 33 (1999).
S.A. Bass, C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 51, 3343 (1995).
FOPI Collaboration (A. Andronic), Phys. Rev. Lett. C 67, 034907 (2003).
FOPI Collaboration (G. Stoicea), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072303 (2004).
FOPI Collaboration (W. Reisdorf), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 232301 (2004).
FOPI Collaboration (W. Reisdorf), Phys. Lett. B 595, 118 (2004).
FOPI Collaboration (N. Bastid), Nucl. Phys. A 742, 29 (2004).
FOPI Collaboration (B. Hong), Phys. Rev. Lett. C 66, 034901 (2002).
FOPI Collaboration (A. Gobbi), Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 324, 156 (1993).
J. Ritman for the FOPI Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. B 44, 708 (1995).
Application Software Group, CN Division, CERN: GEANT3.21, CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 (1994).
FOPI Collaboration (B. Kämpfer), Phys. Rev. C 48, R955 (1993).
FOPI Collaboration (R. Kotte), Phys. Rev. C 51, 2686 (1995).
P. Danielewicz, G. Odyniec, Phys. Lett. B 157, 146 (1985).
F. Daffin, K. Haglin, W. Bauer, Phys. Rev. C 54, 1375 (1995).
FOPI Collaboration (W. Reisdorf), Nucl. Phys. A 612, 493 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
W. Henning
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kotte, R., Alard, J.P., Andronic, A. et al. Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: A beam-energy- and system-size-dependent study. Eur. Phys. J. A 23, 271–278 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10075-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10075-y