国際政治
Online ISSN : 1883-9916
Print ISSN : 0454-2215
ISSN-L : 0454-2215
EC・EFTA関係の展開と欧州経済領域構想
政治統合に向かうEC
小久保 康之
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ジャーナル フリー

1990 年 1990 巻 94 号 p. 98-112,L11

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Post-war Western Europe has been divided into two regional economic organisations of different types: the European Communities (EC) aiming for economic union with supranational institutions and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), only a free trade area without any supranational institutions. The relationship between those two bodies can be described as a cycle of tension and relaxation which have resulted from the enforcement of the EC integration and the fear of marginalisation of the EFTA side.
Historically, the author classifies three periods according to the above mentioned cycle. In the first period (from 1956 to 1969), the establishment of the EEC had caused certain fear to non EEC member-states, which had been appeased by creating the EFTA but with a consequence of the divided western Europe. The second period begins from 1969 and ends by 1984. The relaunch of the EC integration after the Hague summit of 1969 and the enlargement of the EC that meant the reduction of the EFTA members, menaced again the remaining EFTA countries and the tension had been resolved by the free trade agreements concluded between the EC and the each EFTA countries, which have completly achieved only by 1984. The third period have begun from 1984 till now and they try to establish together the European Economic Space (EES) as declared at the Luxembourg first EC-EFTA ministerial meeting, to resolve the tension resulting from the fear of marginalisation of the EFTA countries facing to the EC's 1992 internal market programme.
The EFTA countries' strategies have been to concentrate on maintaining the special relationship with the EC, pursuing it on both bilateral and multilateral bases not to join the EC. Nevertheless the creation of EES on a mutilateral basis have many difficulties: inequality of the two organisations, and irregularity of EFTA countries' policy priority. And the changing international political and economic structures complicate the problems. The author points out several new dimensions of the EC-EFTA relations and concludes that the most probable scenario in the foreseeable future would be the creation of the single market composed of 18 Western European countries in the framework of the EES and the possible development of “l'Europe à la géometrie variable” in other domains.

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© 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
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