Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The glutathione system. I. Synthesis, transport, glutathione transferases, glutathione peroxidases

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the last 10–15 years significant progress has been achieved in all directions of studies of the glutathione system. A series of new enzymes involved into metabolism of glutathione has been discovered. Many of these enzymes are polyfunctional and their new activities have been recognized. The enzymes interact with hormones and signal transduction systems. Significant progress has been achieved in the studies of intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ transport. The important achievement is employment of not only selective compounds-analyzers but also gene engineering methods for identification of new functions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AP-1:

activator protein 1

ARE:

antioxidant responsive element

GCS:

gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

GT:

glutathione transferase

LPO:

lipid peroxidation

MAPEG:

membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa-B

Nrf2:

NF erythroid 2p45-related factor 2

OS:

oxidative stress

PK:

protein kinase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

References

  1. Dolphin, D., Poulson, R., and Avramovic, O. (Eds.), Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Parts A, B, N.Y.: Wiley, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tiunov, L.A. and Ivanova, V.A., Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk USSR, 1988, no. 1, pp. 62–69.

  3. Kolecnichenko, L.S. and Kulinsky, V.I., Uspekhi Sovr. Biol., 1989, vol. 107, pp. 179–194.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kulinsky, V.I. and Kolecnichenko, L.S., Uspekhi Sovr. Biol., 1990, vol. 110, pp. 20–30.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kulinsky, V.I. and Kolecnichenko, L.S., Uspekhi Sovr. Biol., 1990, vol. 31, pp. 157–179.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Trufanov, V.A., Kichatinova, S.V., Shatilov, V.R., and Kretovich, V.L., Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 1990, vol. 26, pp. 3–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kulinsky, V.I. and Kolecnichenko, L.S., Uspekhi Sovr. Biol., 1993, vol. 113, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chernov, N.N., Uspekhi Boil. Khimii, 1998, vol. 38, pp. 225–237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fahey, R.C. and Sundquist, A.R., Adv. Enzymol., 1991, vol. 64, pp. 1–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dickinson, D.A., Levonen, A.L., Moellering, D.R., Arnold, E.K., Zhang, H., Darley-Usmar, V.M., and Forman, H.J., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2004, vol. 37, pp. 1152–1159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Iles, K.E. and Liu, R.M., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2005, vol. 38, pp. 547–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lu, S.C., FASEB J., 1999, vol. 13, pp. 1169–1183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lyakhovich, V.V., Vavilin, V.A., Zenkov, N.K., and Men’shchikova, E.B., Biochemistry (Moscow), 2006, vol. 71, pp. 1183–1197.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Misra, I. and Grifith, O.W., Protein Exp. Purif., 1998, vol. 13, pp. 268–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stipanuk, M.H., Domini, J.E., Lee, J.I., and Coloso, R.M., J. Nutr., 2006, vol. 136(Suppl. 6), pp. 1652S–1659S.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Grant, C.M., MacIver, F.H., and Dawes, I.W., Mol. Biol. Cell, 1997, vol. 8, pp. 1699–1707.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dalton, T.P., Chen, Y., Schneider, S.N., Nebert, D.W., and Shertzer, H.G., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2004, vol. 37, pp. 1511–1526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Miller, M.L., Shen, D., Shertzer, H.G., Stringer, K.F., Wang, B., Schneider, S.N., Nebert, D.W., and Dalton, T.P., Hepatology, 2007, vol. 45, pp. 1118–1128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rahman, I., Mutat. Res., 2005, vol. 579, pp. 58–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Aguirre, P., Valdes, P., Aracena-Parks, P., Tapia, V., and Nunez, M.T., Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 2007, vol. 292, pp. 2198–2203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Banna, S., Ishi, T., Takada, A., and Noriko, T., in Glutathione Centennial, Taniguchi, N., Nigashi, T., Sacomoto, Y., and Meister, A., Eds., San Diego: Academic Press, 1989, pp. 407–421.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dulundu, E., Ozel, Y., Tapalaoglu, U., Sehirli, O., Ercan, F., Gedik, N., and Sener, G., Pharmacology, 2007, vol. 79, pp. 163–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hultberg, M. and Hultberg, B., Chem. Biol. Interact., 2006, vol. 163, pp. 192–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Packer, L., Tritschler, H.J., and Wessel, K., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1997, vol. 22, pp. 359–378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bilska, A. and Wlodek, L., Pharmacol. Repots, 2005, vol. 57, pp. 570–577.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Palaniappan, A.R. and Dai, A., Neurochem. Res., 2007, vol. 32, pp. 1552–1558.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Taniguchi, M., Hirayama, K., Yamaguchi, K., Tateishi, N., and Suzuld, M., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part B, Dolphin A., Poulson R., and Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 645–728.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rahman, I. and Adcock, I.M., Eur. Respir. J., 2006, vol. 28, pp. 219–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, H., Court, N., and Forman, H.J., Redox Rep., 2007, vol. 12, pp. 101–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chan, K., Xan, X.D., and Kan, Y.W., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, vol. 98, pp. 4611–4616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Zhang, L., Trush, M.A., and Li, Y., Mol. Cell Biochem., 2007, vol. 301, pp. 1552–1558.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dasgupta, A., Das, S., and Sarcar, P.K., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 617–626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kosower, N.S. and Kosower, E.M., Intern. Rev. Cytol., 1978, vol. 54, pp. 109–160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Comhair, S.A.A. and Erzurum, S.C., Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2005, vol. 7, pp. 72–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Meister, A., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin A., Poulson R., and Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Meister, A., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin A., Poulson R., and Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 367–474.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fernandez-Checa, J.C., Kaplowitz, N., Garcia-Ruiz, C., and Colell, A., Semin. Liver Dis., 1998, vol. 18, pp. 389–401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fernandez-Checa, J.C. and Kaplowitz, N., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2005, vol. 204, pp. 263–273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lash, L.H., Chem. Biol. Interact., 2006, vol. 163, pp. 54–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Meister, A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, vol. 1271, pp. 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Spravochnik Vidal’. Lekarstvennye preparaty v Rossii, (Vidal Reference Book. Drugs in Russia), Moscow, 2006, pp. 402–403, pp. 1103–1104.

  42. Lluis, J.M., Morales, A., Blasco, C., Collel, A., Mari, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C., and Fernandes-Checa, J.C., J. Biol. Chem., 2005, vol. 280, pp. 3224–3232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Juurlink, B.H.J., Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 1997, vol. 21, pp. 151–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wilson, J.X., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 1997, vol. 75, pp. 1149–1163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Dringen, R., Progr. Neurobiol., 2000, vol. 62, pp. 649–671.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Deeley, R.G., Westlake, C., and Cole, S.P., Physiol. Rev., 2006, vol. 86, pp. 849–899.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cole, S.P. and Deeley, R.G., Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2006, vol. 27, pp. 438–446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ballatori, N., Hammond, C.L., Cunnigham, J.B., Crance, S.M., and Marchan, R., Toxicol. Appl. Parmacol., 2005, vol. 204, pp. 238–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kariya, C., Leitner, H., Min, E., van Heeckeren, C., van Heeckeren, A., and Day, B.J., Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2007, vol. 292, pp. L1590–L1597.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Valente, R.C., Capella, L.S., Nascimento, C.R., Lopes, A.G., and Capella, M.A., Cell Biol. Toxicol., Epub. Apr. 24, 2007.

  51. Awasthi, Y.C., Sharma, R., Yadav, S., Dwivedi, S., Sharma, A., and Awasthi, S., Curr. Drug Metab., 2007, vol. 8, pp. 315–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yadav, S., Zajac, E., Singhal, S.S., and Awasthi, S., Cancer Metastasis Rev., 2007, vol. 26, pp. 59–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hammond, C.L., Marchan, R., Crance, S.M., and Ballatori, N., J. Biol. Chem., 2007, vol. 282, pp. 14337–14347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Uotila, L. and Kolvusalo, M., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin, A., Poulson, R., Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 517–551.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Vander Jagt, D.L., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin, A., Poulson, R., Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley 1989, pp. 597–641.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Oakley, A.J., Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 2005, vol. 15, pp. 716–723.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hayes, J.D., Flanagan, J.U., and Jowsey, I.R., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2005, vol. 45, pp. 51–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Frova, C.C., Biochem. Engineering, 2006, vol. 23, pp. 149–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Robin, M.-A., Prabu, S.K., Raza, H., Anandatheerthavarada, H.K., and Avadhani, N.G., J. Biol. Chem., 2003, vol. 278, pp. 18960–18970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Coles, B.F. and Kadlubar, F.F., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 9–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bolt, H.M. and Their, R., Curr. Drug Metab., 2006, vol. 7, pp. 613–628.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Marshall, V.Dzh., Klinicheskaya biokhimiya (Clinical Biochemistry), Moscow-St. Petersburg: Binom-Nevskii Dialekt, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Davydov, V.V. and Bozhkov, A.I., Biomed. Khim., 2003, vol. 49, pp. 374–387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Sharma, R., Yang, Y., Sharma, A., Awasthi, S., and Awasthi, Y.C., Antioxid. Redox Signal, 2004, vol. 6, pp. 289–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Abdellatif, Y., Liu, D., Gallant, E.M., Cage, P.W., Board, P.G., and Dalhunty, A.F., Cell Calcium, 2007, vol. 41, pp. 429–440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Smeine, M., Boyd, J., Raviie, S. K., Jiao, Y., Pond, B.B., Hatler, M., Wolf, R., Henderson, C., and Smeine, R.J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, vol. 104, pp. 1977–1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Tew, K.D., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2007, vol. 73, pp. 1257–1269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Whitbread, A.K., Masoumi, A., Tetlow, N., Schmuk, E., Coggan, M., and Board, P.G., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 78–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Board, P.G. and Anders, M.W., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 61–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Morel, F., Rauch, C., Petit, E., Piton, A., and Theret, N., J. Biol. Chem., 2004, vol. 279, pp. 16246–16253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zhang, X., Guo, A., Yu, J., Possemato, A., Chen, Y., Zheng, W., Polakiewicz, R.D., Kinzler, K.W., Vogelstein, B., Velculesku, V.E., and Wang, Z.J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, vol. 104, pp. 4060–4064.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Siritantikorn, A., Johansson, K., Ahlen, K., Rinaldi, R., Suthiphongchai, T., Wilairat, P., and Mogenstern, R., Biochem. Biophis. Res. Commun., 2007, vol. 355, pp. 592–596.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Busenlehner, L.S. Alander, J., Jegescohld, C., Holm, P.J., Bhakat, P., Hebert, H., Mogenstern, R., and Armstrong, R.N., Biochemistry, 2007, vol. 46, pp. 2812–2822.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Jacobsson, P.-J., Morgenstern, R., Mancini, J., Ford-Hutchinson, A., and Person, B., Protein Sci., 1999, vol. 8, pp. 689–692.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Jacobsson, P.-J., Mancini, J., Riendeau, D., and Ford-Hutchinson, A., J. Biol. Chem., 1997, vol. 272, pp. 22934–22939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Schroder, O., Sjostrom, M., Qiu, H., Stein, J., Jacobsson, P.-J., and Haeggstrom, J.Z., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, vol. 312, pp. 271–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Austen, K.F., Novartis Found. Symp., 2005, vol. 271, pp. 166–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Islinger, M., Luers, G.H., Ziscka, H., Ueffing, M., and Volki, A., Proteomics, 2006, vol. 6, pp. 804–816.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Pearson, W.R., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 186–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wongsantichon, J. and Ketterman, A.J., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 100–116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Tutel’yan, V.A., Vestnik AMN SSSR, 1984, vol. 8, pp. 84–89.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Shimada, T., Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 2006, vol. 21, pp. 257–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Huber, W.W. and Parzefail, W., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 307–341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Boyland, E. and Chasseaud, L.P., Adv. Enzymol., 1969, vol. 32, pp. 173–219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Alary, J., Gueraud, F., and Cravedi, J.P., Mol. Aspects Med., 2003, vol. 24, pp. 177–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Siems, W. and Grune, T., Mol. Aspects Med., 2003, vol. 24, pp. 167–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Siow, R.C., Ishii, T., and Mann, G.E., Redox Rep., 2007, vol. 12, pp. 11–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kim, E.H. and Surh, Y.J., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, vol. 72, pp. 1516–1528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Stella, L., Pallottini, V., Moreno, S., Leoni, S., De Maria, F., Turella, P., Federici, G., Fabrini, R., Dawood, K.F., Lo Bello, M., Pedersen, J.Z., and Ricci, G., J. Biol. Chem., 2007, vol. 282, pp. 6372–6379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Kolesnichenko, L.S., Mantorova, N.S., and Shapiro, L.A., Biokhimiya, 1987, vol. 52, pp. 743–749.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kolesnichenko, L.S. and Kulinsky, V.I., Fiziol. Zhurn. SSSR, 1990, vol. 76, pp. 1958–1961.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Zhao, G. and Wang, X., Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, vol. 13, pp. 1461–1471.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. McIlwain, C.C., Townsend, D.M., and Tew, K.D., Oncogen, 2006, vol. 25, pp. 1639–1648.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Townsend, D.M., Findlay, V.L., and Tew, K.D., Methods in Enzymol., 2005, vol. 401, pp. 287–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Kim, S.G. and Lee, S.J., Toxicol. Sci., 2007, vol. 96, pp. 206–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Zhu, D., Tate, R.I., Ruediger, R., Meigs, T.E., and Denker, B.M., Mol. Pharmacol., 2007, vol. 71, pp. 1268–1276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Pool-Zobel, B., Veeriah, S., and Bohmer, F.D., Mutat. Res., 2005, vol. 591, pp. 74–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Kwak, M.R., Wakabayashi, N., and Kensler, T.W., Mutat. Res., 2004, vol. 555, pp. 133–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ikeda, H., Nishi, S., and Sakai, M., Biochem. J., 2004, vol. 380, pp. 515–521.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Lee, J.-M., Calkins, M.J., Chan, K., Kan, Y.W., and Johnson, J.A., J.Biol. Chem., 2003, vol. 278, pp. 12029–12038.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Ng, L., Nichols, K., O’Rourke, K., Maslen, A., and Kirbi, G.M., Mol. Pharmacol., 2007, vol. 71, pp. 201–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Romieu, I., Sienra-Monge, J.J., Ramfrez-Aguilar, M., Moreno-Macfas, H., and Reyes-Ruiz, N.I.l., Thorax, 2004, vol. 59, pp. 8–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Tew, K.D., Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2005, vol. 14, pp. 1047–1054.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Chanas, S.A., Jiang, Q., McMahon, M., McWalter, G.K., McLelan, L.I., Elcombe, C.R., Henderson, C.J., Wolf, C.R., Moffat, G.J., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., and Hayes, J.D., Biochem. J., 2002, vol. 365, pp. 405–416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Engle, M.R., Singh, S.P., Czernik, P.J., Gaddy, D., Montague, D.C., Ceci, J.D., Yang, Y., Awasthi, S., Awasthi, Y.C., and Zimniak, P., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2004, vol. 194, pp. 296–308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Board, P.G., Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2007, vol. 3, pp. 421–423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Flohe, L., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin, A., Poulson, R., Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 643–742.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Men’shchikova, E.B., Lankin, V.Z., Zenkov, N.K., Bondar’, I.A., Krugovykh, N.F., and Trufakin, V.A., Okislitel’nyi stress. Prooksidanty i antioksidanty, (Oxidative Stress. Prooxidants and Antioxidants), Moscow: Slovo, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Brigelius-Flohe, R., Biol. Chem., 2006, vol. 387, pp. 1329–1335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Weiss Sachdev, S. and Sunde, R.A., Biochem. J., 2001, vol. 357, pp. 851–858.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Mix, H., Lobanov, A.V., and Gladyshev, V.N., Nucleic Acid Res., 2007, vol. 35, pp. 419–423.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Papp, L.V., Lu, J., Holmgren, A., and Khanna, K.K., Antioxid. Redox. Signal, 2007, vol. 9, pp. 775–806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Maiorino, M., Scapin, M., Ursini, F., Biasolo, M., Bosello, V., and Flohe, L., J. Biol. Chem., 2003, vol. 278, pp. 34286–34290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Kryukov, G.V., Casteliano, S., Novoselov, S.V., Lobanov, A.V., Zehtab, O., Guigo, R., and Gladyshev, V.N., Science, 2003, vol. 300, pp. 1439–1443.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Lei, G., Cheng, W.H., and McCkung, J.P., Ann. Rev. Nutr., Epub Apr. 27, 2007.

  116. Steinbrenner, H., Bilgic, E., Alili, L., Sies, H., and Brenneisen, P., Free Radic. Res., 2006, vol. 40, pp. 936–943.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Panee, J., Stoytcheva, Z.R., Liu, W., and Berry, M.J., J. Biol. Chem., Epub May 25, 2007.

  118. Novoselov, S., Kryukov, G.V., Xu, X.M., Carlson, B.A., Hatfield, D.L., and Gladyshev, V.N., J. Biol. Chem., 2007, vol. 282, pp. 11960–11968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Reddy, C. Ch., Thomas, C.E., and Scholz, R.W., Sympos. 187th Meet. Am. Chem. Soc. Xenobiotic Metab.: Nutr. Effects, Washington, 1985, p. 253.

  120. Ciappellano, S., Testolin, G., and Porrini, M., Ann. Nutr. Metabol., 1989, vol. 33, pp. 22–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Chu, F.-F., Esworthy, R.S., and Doroshov, J.H., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2004, vol. 36, pp. 1481–1495.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Mannervik, B., Carlberg, J., and Larson, K., in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical, and Medical Aspects, Part A, Dolphin, A., Poulson, R., Avramovic, O., Eds., N.Y.: Wiley, 1989, pp. 475–516.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hurd, T.R., Costa, N.J., Dahm, C.C., Beer, S.M., Brown, S.E., Filipovska, A., and Murphy, M.P., Antioxid. Redox Signaling, 2005, vol. 7, pp. 999–1010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Foster, C.B., Awath, K., Chunock, S.J., McKay, H.F., and Peters, U., BMC Genet., 2006, vol. 7, 56- Epub. Dec 11.

  125. Chu, F.-F., Doroshov, J.H., and Esworthy, R.S., J. Biol. Chem., 1993, vol. 268, pp. 2571–2576.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Banning, A., Deubel, S., Kluth, D., Zhou, Z., and Brigelius-Flohe, R., Mol. Cell Biol., 2005, vol. 25, pp. 4914–4923.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Imai, H. and Nakagava, Y., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2003, vol. 34, pp. 145–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Singh, A., Rangasamy, T., Thimmulappa, R.K., Lee, H., Osburn, W.O., Brigelius-Flohe, R., Kensler, T.W., Yamamoto, M., and Biswal, S., Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2006, vol. 35, pp. 639–650.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Takahashi, K., Akasaka, M., Yamamoto, Y., Kobayashi, C., Mizoguchi, J., and Koyama, J., J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 1990, vol. 108, pp. 145–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Whitin, J.C., Bhamre, S., Tham, D.M., and Cohen, H.J., Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2002, vol. 283, pp. F20–F28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Bjornstedt, M., Xue, J., Huang, W., Akesson, B., and Holmgren, A., J. Biol. Chem., 1994, vol. 269, pp. 29382–29384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Tham, D.M., Whitin, J.C., Kim, K.K., Zhu, S.X., and Cohen, H.J., Am. J. Physiol., 1998, vol. 275, pp. G1463–G1471.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Bierl, C., Voetsch, B., Jin, R.C., Handy, D.E., and Loscalzo, J., J. Biol. Chem., 2004, vol. 279, pp. 26839–26845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Chiu, Y.W., Kuo, M.C., Chang, J.M., Guh, J.Y., Lai, Y.H., and Chen, H.C., J. Lab. Clin. Med., 2005, vol. 145, pp. 181–186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Chen, H.C., Guh, J.Y., and Lai, Y.H., J. Lab.Clin. Med., 2001, vol. 137, pp. 279–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Tham, D.M., Whitin, J.C., and Cohen, H.J., Pediatr. Res., 2002, vol. 51, 641–646.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Ursini, F., Maiorino, M., and Gregolin, C., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1985, vol. 839, pp. 62–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Ran, Q., Liang, H., Gu, M., Qi, W., Walter, C.A., II, L.J.R., Herman, B., Richardson, A., and Remmen, H.V., J. Biol. Chem., 2004, vol. 279, pp. 56137–56146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Januel, C., El Hentati, F.Z., Carreras, M., Arthur, J.R., Calzada, C., Legarde, M., and Vericel, E., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2006, vol. 1761, pp. 1228–1234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Maiorino, M., Thomas, J.P., Girotti, A.W., and Ursini, F., Free Radic. Res. Commun., 1991, vol. 12–13, pp. 131–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Thomas, J.P., Maiorino, M., Ursini, F., and Giroti, A.V., J. Biol. Chem., 1990, vol. 265, pp. 454–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Bao, Y., Jemth, P., Mannervi, B., and Williamson, B., FEBS Lett., 1997, vol. 410, pp. 210–212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Aumann, K.D., Bedorf, N., Brigelius-Flohe, R., Shomburg, D., and Flohe, L., Biomed. Environ. Sci., 1997, vol. 10, pp. 136–155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Arai, M., Imai, H., Koumura, T., Yoshida, M., Emoto, K., Umeda, M., Chiba, N., and Nakagava, Y., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, vol. 274, pp. 4924–4933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Saviskan, N.E., Borchert, A., Brauer, A.U., and Kuhn, H., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, vol. 43, pp. 191–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Williams, K., Frayne, J., and Hall, L., Mol. Human Reproduction, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 841–848.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Dear, T.N., Campbell, K., and Rabbitts, T.H., Biochemistry, 1991, vol. 30, pp. 10376–10382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Vernet, P., Rock, E., Mazur, A., Rayssiguier, Y., Dufaure, J.P., and Drevet, J.R., Mol. Reprod. Dev., 1999, vol. 54, pp. 362–370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Utomo, A., Jiang, X., Furuta, S., Yun, J., Levin, D.S., Wang, Y.-C. J., Desai, K.V., Green, J.E., Chen, P.-L., and Lee, W.-H., J. Biol. Chem., 2004, vol. 279, pp. 43522–43529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Herbette, S., Roeckel-Drevet, P., and Drevet, J.R., FEBS J., 2007, vol. 274, pp. 2163–2180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Huang, X., Dong, Z., Liu, J., Mao, S., Xu, J., Luo, G., and Shen, J., Langmiur, 2007, vol. 23, pp. 1518–1522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Wendel, A., Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, vol. 1, Jacoby W.B., Ed., N.Y.: Academic Press, 1980, pp. 333–353.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Yu, H., Ge, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, C.T., Li, J., Liu, X., Zang, T., Xu, J., Liu, J., Luo, G., and Shenn, J., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, vol. 358, pp. 873–878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Ho, Y.S., Xiong, Y., Ma, W., Spector, A., and Ho, D.S., 2004, vol. 279, pp. 32804–32812.

  155. Hall, L., Williams, K., Perry, A.C., Frayne, J., and Juri, J.A., 1998, vol. 333, pp. 5–9.

  156. Chu, F.F., Esworthy, R.S., Chu, P.C., Longmate, J.A., Huycke, M.M., Wilczynski, S., and Doroshov, J.H., 2004, vol. 64, pp. 962–968.

  157. Bean-Knudsen, D.E. and Wagner, J.E., 1987, vol. 48, pp. 306–308.

  158. Degterev, A., Boyce, M., and Yuan, J., J. Cell. Biol., 2001, vol. 155, pp. 695–698.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Antunes, F., Salvador, A., and Pinto, R.E., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1995, vol. 19, pp. 669–677.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Furling, D., Ghribi, O., Lahsaini, A., Mirault, M.E., and Massicotte, G., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, vol. 97, pp. 4351–4356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Torzewski, M., Ochsenhirt, V., Kleschyov, A.L., Oelze, M., Daiber, A., Li, H., Rossmann, H., Tsimicas, S., Reifenberg, K., Cheng, F., Lehr, H.A., Blankenberg, S., Forsterman, U., Munzel, T., and Lackner, K.J., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vask. Biol., 2007, vol. 27, pp. 850–857.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Nomura, K., Imai, H., Koumura, T., Arai, M., and Nakagava, Y., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, vol. 274, pp. 29294–29302.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bogdanov, M. and Dowhan, W., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, vol. 274, pp. 36827–36830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Lange, C., Nett, J.H., Trumpower, B.L., and Hunte, C., EMBO J., 2001, vol. 20, pp. 6591–6600.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Nomura, K., Imai, H., Koumura, T., Arai, M., and Nakagava, Y., Biochem. J., 2000, vol. 351, pp. 183–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Liang, H., Remmen, H.V., Frolich, V., Lechleiter, J., Richardson, A., and Ran, Q., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, vol. 356, pp. 893–898.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Kumar, A., Pant, P., Basu, S., Rao, G.R., and Khanna, H.D., J. Trop. Pediatr., 2007, vol. 53, pp. 69–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. Ardite, F., Sans, M., Panes, J., Romero, F.J., Pique, J.M., and Fernandes-Checa, M., Lab. Invest., 2000, vol. 80, pp. 735–744.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Moldeus, P. and Cotgreave, I.A., Methods in Enzymol., 1994, vol. 234, pp. 482–492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Espinola-Klein, C., Rupprecht, H.J., Bickel, C., Schnabel, R., Genth-Zotz, S., Torzewski, M., Lackner, K., Munzel, T., and Blankenberg, S., Am. J. Cardiol., 2007, vol. 99, pp. 808–812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Lin, M., Hsu, H.C., Lin, L.G., Li, H.Y., Lee, Y.T., and Chen, M.F., Cardiology, vol. 108, pp. 381–386.

  172. Lewis, P., Stefanovic, N., Pete, J., Calkin, A.C., Giunti, S., Thallas-Bonke, V., Jandeleit-Dahm, K.A., Allen, T.J., Kola, I., Cooper, M.E., and de Haan, J.B., Circulation, 2007, vol. 115, pp. 2178–2187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Ashrafi, M.R., Shams, S., Nouri, M., Mohseni, M., Shabanian, R., Yekaninejad, M.S., Chegini, N., Khodadad, A., and Safaralizadeh, R., Epilepsia, Epub. June 6, 2007.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biochemistry, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, 664047, Russia

    V. I. Kulinsky

  2. Biononorganic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, 664047, Russia

    L. S. Kolesnichenko

Authors
  1. V. I. Kulinsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. S. Kolesnichenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. I. Kulinsky.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.I. Kulinsky, L.S. Kolesnichenko, 2009, published in Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kulinsky, V.I., Kolesnichenko, L.S. The glutathione system. I. Synthesis, transport, glutathione transferases, glutathione peroxidases. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B 3, 129–144 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750809020036

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750809020036

Key words

Search

Navigation