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Ludwigite and Yuanfuliite from Fumarolic Exhalations of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

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Abstract

This paper in focused on the data for ludwigite and yuanfuliite of the new fumarolic genetic type. These ferric–magnesian borates (oxoborates) have been found in exhalations of the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka. They occur in mineral assemblages formed at temperature above 550°С. Ludwigite is primarily associated with anhydrite, diopside, berzeliite–scháferite series minerals (garnet supergroup), tilasite, svabite, calciojohillerite, hematite and rhabdoborite-group minerals, whereas yuanfuliite is associated with hematite, forsterite, enstatite, diopside, fluorophlogopite, magnesioferrite, and spinel. The replacement of ludwigite by yuanfuliite was observed. Both oxoborates are represented by previously unknown chemical varieties, almost free of minor Fe2+, Al, and Ti. Ludwigite is enriched in Mn3+ up to composition (Mg2.05Cu0.01)2.06(\({\text{Fe}}_{{0.71}}^{{3 + }}{\text{Mn}}_{{0.29}}^{{3 + }}\) Cr0.01)1.01[B0.96O3]O2. Yuanfuliite is chemically very close to the ferric endmember of warwickite–yuanfuliite series and contains only minor Sn; its typical composition is Mg1.10\({\text{Fe}}_{{0.91}}^{{3 + }}\)Sn0.03[B0.98O3]O. The orthorhombic unit-cell parameters of ludwigite and yuanfuliite are: a = 9.297(6), b = 12.349(7), c = 3.021(2) Å, V = 346.5(4) Å3; and a = 9.30(4), b = 9.43(3), c = 3.051(13) Å, V = 268(2) Å3, respectively. Raman spectra of ludwigite with variable contents of admixtures, yuanfuliite, and warwickite are given and discussed.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to V.O. Yapaslurt for his assistance in secondary electron imaging and M.F. Vigasina for discussion of the Raman spectra.

Funding

This study has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-17-00050).

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  1. Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    M. O. Bulakh, I. V. Pekov & N. N. Koshlyakova

  2. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, 683006, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    E. G. Sidorov

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  1. M. O. Bulakh
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Bulakh, M.O., Pekov, I.V., Koshlyakova, N.N. et al. Ludwigite and Yuanfuliite from Fumarolic Exhalations of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Geol. Ore Deposits 64, 607–621 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701522080037

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