Abstract
The diversity of bacteria metabolizing nitriles of carbonic acids was studied in soils of the Perm region affected by human activities. Effective methods for selective isolation of cultures possessing the nitrile hydratase and nitrilase activities were developed. Most microorganisms capable of utilizing nitriles were Grampositive Nocardia-like bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus. Isolates with a detectable nitrilase activity were also represented by Gram-negative forms (Gram-negative aerobic/microaerophilic bacilli and cocci of the genera Pseudomonas, Azomonas, Azotobacter, and Acidovorax). Two enzyme systems for nitrile hydrolysis were found in 27% of cultures. The nitrile hydratase and nitrilase activities of the studied strains exceeded these enzymatic activities in bacteria isolated from native soils, which indicates that natural selection of saprophytic microflora occurs in chemically altered soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acrylonitrile: Hygienic Criteria of the State of the Environment, Geneva, WHO, 1987, issue 28.
Asano, Y., Overview of Screening for New Microbial Catalysts and Their Uses in Organic Synthesis: Selection and Optimization of Biocatalysts, J. Biotechnol., 2002, vol. 94, pp. 65–72.
Banerjee, A., Sharma, R., and Banerjee, U.C., The Nitrile-Degrading Enzymes: Current Status and Future Prospects, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2002, vol. 60, pp. 33–44.
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Holt, J.G., 9th ed., Baltimore, Maryland: Williams and Wilkins, 1994.
Clarke, P. and Tata, R., Isolation of Amidase-Negative Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Positive Selection Method Using an Acetamide Analogue, J. Gen. Microbiol., 1973, vol. 129, pp. 231–234.
Cowan, D., Cramp, R., Pereira, R., et al., Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Nitrile Metabolizing Enzymes, Extremophiles, 1998, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 207–216.
Knowles, C.J. and Collins, P.A., The Utilization of Nitriles and Amides by Nocardia rhodochrous, J. Gen. Microbiol., 1983, vol. 129, pp. 711–718.
Kobayashi, M., Nagasava, T., and Yamada, H., Enzymatic Synthesis of Acrylamide: A Success Story Not Yet Over, Trends Biotechnol., 1992, vol. 10, pp. 402–408.
Kuznetsova, M.V., Maksimov, A.Yu., Ovechkina, G.V., et al., PCR Analysis of Nitrile Hydratases in R. erythropolis 84 and R. ruber gt1 Strains and Some Soil Isolates, Sovremennye problemy ekologii, mikrobiologii i immunologii: Mat-ly konf. molodykh uchenykh (Proc. Young Scientists Conf. Current Problems in Ecology, Microbiology, and Immunology), Perm, 2004, p. 65.
Layh, N., Hirringer, B., Stolz, A., and Knackmuss, H.-J., Enrichment Strategies for Nitrile-Hydrolyzing Bacteria, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1997, vol. 47, pp. 668–674.
Maksimov, A.Yu., Kuznetsova, M.V., Ovechkina, G.V., et al., Effects of Nitriles and Amides on Growth and Nitrile Hydratase Activity of Rhodococcus sp. gt1, Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 2003, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 63–68.
Sibbesen, O., Koch, B., and Rouze, P., Biosynthesis of Cyanogenic Glucosides. Elucidation of the Pathway and Characterization of the Cytochrome P-450 Involved in Amino Acids and Their Derivatives in Higher Plants, in Amino Acids and Their Derivatives in Higher Plants, Wallsgrove, R.M., Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995, pp. 227–241.
Veiko, V.P., Yanenko, A.S., Alekseeva, M.G., et al., Cloning and Determination of Nucleotide Sequence in Rhodococcus rhodohrous M8 Gene, Biotekhnologiya, 1995, nos. 5–6, pp. 3–5.
Watanabe, I., Satoh, Y., and Enomoto, K., Screening, Isolation and Taxonomical Properties of Microorganisms Having Acrylonitrile-Hydrating Activity, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1987, vol. 51, pp. 3193–3199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V. A. Demakov, A. Yu. Maksimov, M. V. Kuznetsova, G. V. Ovechkina, N. B. Remezovskaya, Yu. G. Maksimova, 2007, published in Ekologiya, 2007, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 185–190.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Demakov, V.A., Maksimov, A.Y., Kuznetsova, M.V. et al. Biological diversity of nitrile-metabolizing bacteria in soils of the Perm region affected by human activities. Russ J Ecol 38, 168–173 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413607030046
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413607030046