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New Finds of Triassic Marine Reptiles from Eastern Russia: Ammonoid Age Control and Possible Evidence for Ichthyopterygian Affinities

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Abstract

This paper presents a description of the Olenekian–Anisian sections in South Primorye, Far East Russia, containing reptile remains. The paper describes important ammonoid Flexoptychites cf. rifunus (Yabe et Shimizu), as well as Flexoptychites cf. compressus (Yabe et Shimizu), which are stratigraphically significant. New Anisian reptile remains were discovered from four stratigraphic levels in South Primorye: (1) the upper part of the middle Anisian Acrochordiceras kiparisovae Zone (Ichthyopterigia indet. A), (2) the middle part of the upper Anisian Flexoptychites cf. rifunus Beds (Reptilia indet. cf. Ichthyopterygia A), (3) the upper part of the upper Anisian Flexoptychites cf. rifunus Beds (Ichthyoterygia indet. B), and (4) the uppermost part of the upper Anisian Flexoptychites cf. rifunus Beds (Reptilia indet. cf. Ichthyopterygia B). The Anisian stage is marked by an abundance of medium- to large-sized ichthyopterygians and a comparatively limited number of gigantic forms, particularly in the eastern Panthalassic and western Tethyan provinces. Our recent discovery has unveiled the presence of medium- to large-sized reptiles, seemingly ichthyopterygians, in the western Panthalassic province during the late Anisian (Flexoptychites cf. rifunus Chrone).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to N.G. Zver’kov (Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), E.A. Yazykova (University of Opole, Opole, Poland), M.A. Rogov (Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) and F. Hirsh (Naruto University, Naruto, Japan) for providing valuable editorial comments that substantially improved this paper. We would like to thank M. Ehiro (Tohoku University Museum, Sendai, Japan) for help in finding references on the Osawa and Rifu formations in South Kitakami and for fruitful comments on the taxonomy of ptychitid ammonoids, Ch. Klug (University of Zurich, Switzerland) for advice on the ichthyopterygian Cymbospondylus buchseri Sander, stored in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Zurich, and J.F. Janks (1134 Johson Ridge Lane, West Jordan, Utah, USA) for help in finding references. We acknowledge Dima Sirenko, Veronica Sirenko, and Alisa Pripankovskaya, schoolchildren who participated in an educational project headed by L.G. Kondrashova at NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, for their discovery of Reptilia indet. cf. Ichthyopterygia A in the Bogdanovich Bay area. Additionally, we acknowledge V. Gusarova from FEGI, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, and O. Rumyantsev from Vladivostok for their discoveries of Reptilia indet. cf. Ichthyopterigia B and Ichthyosauria indet. B at Cape Vyatlin. P.G. Spiridonov from Vladivostok is acknowledged for his discovery of ammonoids belonging to the genus Acrochordiceras at Tchernyschev Bay. Y.L. Bolotsky of IGM FEB RAS in Blagoveshchensk is thanked for his guidance. A.B. Bezdelev (Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok) is also thanked for arranging the transportation of some plates with reptile remains to the Primorsky Aquarium, while D.L. Pitruk (Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok) and I.A. Tarasenko (FEGI, FEB RAS, Vladivostok) are acknowledged for their assistance in organizing field research on the Russian Island.

Funding

This research was carried out partly with the financial support of Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (Grant. No. 13K13646) and Research Grant for Prioritised Studies, Tokyo City University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    Y. D. Zakharov, A. M. Popov, L. G. Bondarenko & O. P. Smyshlyaeva

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 158-8557, Tokyo, Japan

    Y. Nakajima

  3. Department of General Geology and Minerals, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia

    M. S. Arkhangelsky

  4. Department of Oil and Gas, Saratov State Technical University, 410054, Saratov, Russia

    M. S. Arkhangelsky

  5. A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia

    V. K. Pokrovsky

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  1. Y. D. Zakharov
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Reviewers E.A. Yazykova, N.G. Zver’kov, and M.A. Rogov

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Zakharov, Y.D., Nakajima, Y., Arkhangelsky, M.S. et al. New Finds of Triassic Marine Reptiles from Eastern Russia: Ammonoid Age Control and Possible Evidence for Ichthyopterygian Affinities. Stratigr. Geol. Correl. 32, 242–264 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593824030080

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