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The Character of Magmatism, Hydrothermal-Metasomatic, and Filtration-Transport Processes in Uranium-Bearing Volcanic-Related Structures

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Abstract

The development of a refined conceptual model for the generation of volcanic-related uranium deposits includes studies in the character of magmatic, hydrothermal-metasomatic, and filtration-transport processes, as well as of the physicochemical conditions favoring the transport and deposition of uranium. We consider these issues using the examples of the Streltsovka caldera and the eponymous ore field in eastern Transbaikalia, the Xiangshan volcanic structure in South China, and the McDermitt caldera in the western United States (Oregon and Nevada). According to the IAEA classification (Geological Classification …, 2018), these ore fields and deposits are of the volcanic-related type, while the Streltsovka and the Xiangshan ore field show a combination of the volcanic-related type in the volcanic-sedimentary cover and the granite-related type at the basement. Most industrially viable uranium deposits of the volcanic-related type were formed in the regions listed above during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times (although we know of older, Paleozoic objects of the type). Although the time spans in which ore-bearing volcanic-related edifices were formed are different, many features in the occurrence of magmatic, hydrothermal, and filtration transport processes in these edifices are rather similar. It is commonly supposed that these features are due to a common effect of intraplate tectonic regimes or to the evolution of outer parts in the ocean-continent zones where magmatic activity produced volcanism of the bimodal series in the dominant basites–acid volcanics–basites sequence, while the migration of uranium-transporting fluids was controlled by a joint action of seismogeodynamic and thermal convective processes.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive remarks and proposals during the preparation of this paper.

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This work was supported through a IGEM RAS state assignment.

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  1. Institute of the Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry (IGEM), Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 35, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    V. A. Petrov, O. V. Andreeva & V. V. Poluektov

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Petrov, V.A., Andreeva, O.V. & Poluektov, V.V. The Character of Magmatism, Hydrothermal-Metasomatic, and Filtration-Transport Processes in Uranium-Bearing Volcanic-Related Structures. J. Volcanolog. Seismol. 17, 353–373 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046323700306

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