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Chemical and Isotope Composition of Comet 67P/Churyumov−Gerasimenko: The Rosetta−Philae Mission Results Reviewed in the Context of Cosmogony and Cosmochemistry

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Abstract

The studies of the composition and structure of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko—a short-period comet of Jupiter’s family—which was an object of the recent Rosetta–Philae space mission, yielded results unique in many respects, since it was the first time that a comet was investigated in situ for a long stretch of time under varying conditions of insolation and activity. Due to the landing of the Philae probe, the data on the composition of mineral and organic fractions sampled directly from the cometary nucleus were obtained. Measurements of the coma composition performed with the instruments onboard the Rosetta spacecraft in the early period of observations allowed the data on the composition of its extremally volatile components (N2 and Ar) to be acquired for the first time, while the analysis of the coma composition performed in the postperihelion period provided an adequate insight into the composition of the ice fraction of the cometary nucleus. In the review, along with consolidating the experimental data, we discuss their implications arising in the context of cosmogony and cosmochemistry.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is grateful to A.T. Basilevsky for valuable comments on the manuscript.

Funding

The study was performed under a government contract of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 17-02-00507) and Program 12 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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    V. A. Dorofeeva

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Dorofeeva, V.A. Chemical and Isotope Composition of Comet 67P/Churyumov−Gerasimenko: The Rosetta−Philae Mission Results Reviewed in the Context of Cosmogony and Cosmochemistry. Sol Syst Res 54, 96–120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094620020021

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