Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ecological Diversity of Micromycetes in Aerial Environments of Russian Libraries

  • EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES
  • Published:
Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The structure of micromycete communities in the library aerial environment was investigated in 57 Russian cities located in seven federal districts (Northwestern, Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern). A total of 107 micromycete species belonging to 41 genera were isolated and identified. Due to mostly similar conditions, the aerial ecosystem of internal spaces of the library storage facilities was relatively stable, with moderate diversity and high evenness, as was confirmed by the relevant indices: the Shannon index varied from 2.7 to 3.4, the McIntosh diversity index, from 22.7 to 140.8, and the Menhinick index, from 2.1 to 3.0. The Simpson’s dominance index and the Berger–Parker index did not exceed 0.11 and 0.24, respectively. The McIntosh and Pielou’s evenness indices were 0.71–0.78 and 0.79–0.85, respectively. High similarity of the taxonomic structures, independent of climatic conditions of the studied regions, was revealed, as was confirmed by the values of the Stugren–Radulescu and Morisita–Horn coefficients: 0.08‒0.77 and 0.04‒0.47, respectively. The typical members of the studied mycobiota were Aspergillus versicolor (7.5‒14.3), Cladosporium cladosporioides (17.5‒40.5), C. herbarum (0.8‒53.6), and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (6.5‒32.4). Most other species were scarce, with frequencies of occurrence not exceeding 7.1%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

REFERENCES

  1. Apetrei, I.C., Drăgănescu, G.E., Popescu, I.T., Carp-Cărare, C., Guguianu, E., Mihăescu, T., Ştefanache, A., Creţu, C., and Patraş, X., Possible cause of allergy for the librarians: books manipulation and ventilation as sources of fungus spores spreading, Aerobiologia, 2009, vol. 25, pp. 159–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bogomolova, E.V., Aeromycological study of the premises of the M. Gorky Scientific Library of St. Petersburg State University, in Mikroskopicheskie griby v vozdushnoj srede Sankt-Peterburga (Microscopic Fungi in Air Environments of St. Petersburg), St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2012, pp. 79–87.

  3. Borrego, S., Pons, V., and Perdomo, I., La contaminación microbiana del aire en dos depósitos del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, Revista CENIC: Ciencias Biológicas, 2008, vol. 39, pp. 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Borrego, S. and Perdomo, I., Caracterización de la micobiota aérea en dos depósitos del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba, Rev. Iberoam. Micol., 2014, vol. 31, pp. 182–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Borrego, S., Vivar, I., and Molina, A., Air- and dustborne fungi in repositories of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba, Microb. Cell, 2022, vol. 9, pp. 103–122. https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2022.05.776

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Burge, H.P., Boise, J.R., Solomon, W.R., and Bandera, E., Fungi in libraries: an aerometric survey, Mycopathologia, 1978, vol. 64, pp. 67–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Caicedo, Y.C., Pérez, H.B., Fuentes, M.M., Vergara‑Vásquez, E., and Vélez‑Pereira, A.M., Assessment of fungal aerosols in a public library with natural ventilation, Aerobiologia, 2023, vol. 39, pp. 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09772-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chadeganipour, M., Ojaghi, R., Rafiei, H., Afshar, M., and Hashemi, S.T., Bio-deterioration of library materials: study of fungi threatening printed materials of libraries in Isfahan university of medical sciences in 2011, Jundishapur J. Microbiol., 2013, vol. 6, pp. 127–131. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.4751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chuenko, A.I., Pysmenna, Yu.B., Savchu, Ya.I., Zatoka, L.P., Kuyava, L.M., and Latina, N.O. Microscopic fungi in the air of libraries of scientific institutions of Kyiv, Mikrobiol. Zh., 2020, vol. 82, pp. 63–70. https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.04.063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Domsch, K.H., Gams, W., and Anderson, T.-H., Compendium of Soil Fungi, Eching: IHW-Verlag, 2007.

  11. Eloyan, I.M., Shakhazizyan, I.V., Pogosyan, A.V., Oganesyan, E.Kh., and Nanagyulyan, S.G., Fungi of the genus Aspergillus in various indoor air environments of Yerevan (Armenia), II Int. Conf. on Biology, Systematics, and Ecology of Fungi and Lichens in Natural Ecosystems and Agrophytocenoses, Minsk: Kolorgrad, 2016, pp. 310–314.

  12. García, J.C.R., Rosales, B.R., and Alonso, S.F.B., Evaluación de la calidad micológica ambiental para la conservación de los fondos documentales del Museo Nacional de la Música de Cuba en época de lluvia, AUG-MDOMUS, 2014, no. 6, pp. 123–146.

  13. Ghosh, D., Dhar, P., Chakraborty, T., Uddin, N., and Das, A.K., Study of aeromycoflora in indoor and outdoor environment of National Library, Kolkata, Int. J. Plant Anim. Environ. Sci., 2014, vol. 4, pp. 663‒672.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lebedeva, E.V. and Mamaeva, N.Yu., Micromycetes of the air environment of the book depositories of the Main and New Buildings of the Russian National Library, in Mikroskopicheskie griby v vozdushnoj srede Sankt-Peterburga (Microscopic Fungi in Air Environments of St. Petersburg), St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2012, pp. 102–115.

  15. Leont’ev, D.V., Floristicheskii analiz v mikologii (Floristic Analysis in Mycology), Kharkiv: Ranok NT, 2008.

  16. Maggi, O., Persiani, A.M., Gallo, F., Valenti, P., Pasquariello, G., Sclocchi, M.-C., and Scorrano, M., Airborne fungal spores in dust present in archives: proposal for a detection method, new for archival materials, Aerobiologia, 2000, vol. 16, pp. 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026522826477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Magurran, A.E., Measuring Biological Diversity, Hoboken: John Wiley et Sons, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Odum, E.P., Basic Ecology, CBS College Publishing, 1983, vol. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Pinheiro, A.C., Sequeira, S.O., and Macedo, M.F., Fungi in archives, libraries, and museums: a review on paper conservation and human health, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 2019, vol. 45, pp. 686‒700. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2019.1690420

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Popikhina, E.A., Trepova, E.S., Goryaeva, A.G., Khazova, S.S., and Mamaeva, N.Yu., Mycobiota of library air environment and documents, Usp. Med. Mikol., 2018, vol. 19, pp. 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pyrri, I., Tripyla, E., Zalachori, A., and Chrysopoulou, M., Fungal contaminants of indoor air in the National Library of Greece, Aerobiologia, 2020, vol. 36, pp. 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09640-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Raper, K.B. and Fennel, D.I., The Genus Aspergillus, New York: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Raper, K.B. and Thom, C., A Manual of the Penicillia, New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rodrigo, V.N., Contaminacion microbiologica an museos, archivos y bibliotecas, Rev. Archivos Bibl. Museos, 1974, vol. 77, pp. 747–761.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rojas, T.I., Aira, M.J., Batista, A., Cruz, I.L., and González, S., Fungal biodeterioration in historic buildings of Havana (Cuba), Grana, 2012, vol. 51, pp. 44–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rosenberg, G.S., On Robert McIntosh, the diversity index, and the Americal Midland Naturalist (translator’s notes), Samara Luka: Probl. Reg. Global. Ekol., 2013, vol. 22, pp. 128–144.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sutton, D., Fothergill, A., and Rinaldi, M., Guide to Clinically Significant Fungi, Baltimore: Williams et Wilkins, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Trepova, E.S., Mamaeva, N.Yu., Shulenkova, E.I., and Goryaeva, A.G., Monitoring of document storage conditions in the Russian National Library, Tr. Labor. Konserv. Restavr. Dok. Arch. Rus. Acad. Sci. (St. Petersburg Branch), St. Petersburg: Relikviya, 2011, no. 2, pp. 65–72.

  29. Velikova, T.D., Goryaeva, A.G., Popikhina, E.A., and Trepova, E.S., Micromycetes of the air environment of the Russian National Library depository in the building on the Fontanka River Embankment, in Mikroskopicheskie griby v vozdushnoj srede Sankt-Peterburga (Microscopic Fungi in Air Environments of St. Petersburg), St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2012, pp. 88–101.

  30. WHO, Indoor Air Quality: Biological Contaminants. Report on a WHO Meeting, Copenhagen: WHO Regional publications, 1990, no. 31, pp. 1–67.

  31. Zerek, B.F., The Preservation and Protection of Library Collections. A Practical Guide to Microbiological Control, Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zielińska-Jankiewicz, K., Kozajda, A., Piotrowska, M., and Szadkowska-Stańczyk, I., Microbiological contamination with moulds in work environment in libraries and archive storage facilities, Ann. Agric. Environ. Med., 2008, vol. 15, pp. 71–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Zyska, B., Fungi isolated from library materials: a review of the literature, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 1997, vol. 40, pp. 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00061-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Yavorska, G.V., Bilinska, I.S., Hnatush, S.O., and Os’mak, G.S., Microbiological expertise of indoor air and books of scientific library of Ivan Franko national university of Lviv, Studia Biologica, 2016, vol. 10, pp. 75–88. https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1001.447

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Analysis of aeromycota of the libraries of St. Petersburg was carried out with financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (Agreement no. 075-15-2021-1053); analysis of air mycobiota of regional libraries was performed as a part of the regular research project of the Federal Center for Preservation of Library Collections “Research on documents and restoration materials for development and improvement of conservation and restoration techniques” (state registration no. 122041800046-2). Surveys of libraries in the Russian regions were carried out as a part of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections in the Russian Federation and the Basic Guidelines for the Development of Library Collection Preservation in the Russian Federation for 2011–2020.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Center for Library Stock Preservation, National Library of Russia, 191069, St.-Petersburg, Russia

    T. D. Velikova, E. A. Popikhina, E. S. Trepova & S. S. Khazova

Authors
  1. T. D. Velikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. A. Popikhina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. S. Trepova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. S. Khazova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to T. D. Velikova or E. S. Trepova.

Ethics declarations

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

This work does not contain any studies involving human and animal subjects.

Additional information

Translated by D. Timchenko

Publisher’s Note.

Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Velikova, T.D., Popikhina, E.A., Trepova, E.S. et al. Ecological Diversity of Micromycetes in Aerial Environments of Russian Libraries. Microbiology 93, 79–91 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261723603287

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261723603287

Keywords:

Search

Navigation