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Cross-Correlation Analysis of Cosmic Ray Intensity with Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Parameters during Disturbed and Quiet Periods

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Abstract

This work investigates the relationship between cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and key interplanetary and geomagnetic parameters during both disturbed (November 1–6, 2021) and quiet (November 7–12, 2021) periods. Four neutron monitor stations, namely BKSN, DOMC, JUNG, and MXCO, are employed to analyze the behavior of CRI in response to variations in southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz), interplanetary electric field (IEF Ey), solar wind speed (Vsw), and geomagnetic indices, including Kp and Dst. During the storm period, time series plots reveal significant Forbush Decreases (FD) in CRI at all stations. These FDs exhibit distinct characteristics, with the most substantial reduction observed at high-latitude stations and the least at low-latitude stations. Notably, the Mexico station, situated in the low-latitude region, records higher neutron counts for both disturbed and quiet periods compared to the middle (BKSN and JUNG) and high-latitude (DOMC) stations. Cross-correlation analysis is employed to examine the relationships between CRI and the aforementioned parameters. Results indicate that during the geomagnetically disturbed period, CRI exhibits negative correlations with IMF Bz, Vsw, and Kp index, while demonstrating positive correlations with Dst and IEF Ey. The strongest correlation is observed between CRI and Dst, suggesting that it can affect variations in cosmic rays measured on Earth, during the geomagnetic storms. In contrast, during the quiet period, significantly weaker correlation was observed than the disturbed period. However, at the JUNG station, CRI displays good correlations with all considered parameters even during the quiet period. The station-specific correlations signifies the importance of geographic location in shaping the response of CRI to external influences.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank to the global neutron monitor data service, (https://www.nmdb.eu/nest/), and the OMNIWeb data explorer, (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/), for easy access to thier data.

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Chali Idosa Uga

  2. Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States

    Chali Idosa Uga &  Sujan Prasad Gautam

  3. Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Ephrem Beshir Seba

Authors
  1. Chali Idosa Uga
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  2. Sujan Prasad Gautam
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  3. Ephrem Beshir Seba
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All authors contributed equally. Authors 1 and 2 worked on the complete preparation of the manuscript. Author 3 reviewed the paper and gave constructive comments.

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Correspondence to Chali Idosa Uga, Sujan Prasad Gautam or Ephrem Beshir Seba.

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Chali Idosa Uga, Sujan Prasad Gautam & Ephrem Beshir Seba Cross-Correlation Analysis of Cosmic Ray Intensity with Interplanetary and Geomagnetic Parameters during Disturbed and Quiet Periods. Cosmic Res 62, 34–41 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952523600075

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