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Intensive protein synthesis in neurons and phosphorylation of beta-amyloid precursor protein and tau-protein are triggering factors of neuronal amyloidosis and Alzheimer’s disease

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Abstract

Studies of Alzheimer’s disease have become particularly important and attract now much attention of scientists all over the world due to worldwide dissemination of this dangerous disorder. Causes of this pathology still remain unknown, while the final image, originally obtained on microscopic brain sections from patients with this disease more than a hundred years ago, is well familiar to clinicians. This includes deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain tissue of senile plaques and fibrils. Many authors believe that the deposition of Aβ provokes secondary neuronal changes, responsible for death of neurons. Other authors associate the death of neurons with hyperphosphorylation of tau-proteins, which form neurofibrillar tangles inside nerve cells and cause their death. Creation of methods of preclinical diagnostics and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease requires novel knowledge: on the nature of triggering factors of sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease, on cause-effect relationships of phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein with formation of pathogenic beta-amyloids, on the relationship between these factors underlying tau-protein hyperphosphorylation and neuron death. In this review we have analyzed reports describing increased intensity of protein synthesis in neurons under normal and various stress conditions, possibility of development of energy imbalance of neurons and activation of their protective systems. Phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation of tau-proteins is also tightly associated with protective mechanisms of cells and with processes of evacuation of phosphates, adenosine monophosphates and pyrophosphates from the region of protein synthesis. Prolonged highly intensive protein synthesis causes overload of protective mechanisms and impairments in concerted metabolic processes. This leads to neuronal dysfunction, transport collapse, and death of neurons.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Russian Gerontological Research Clinical Center, ul. Leonova 16, Moscow, 129226, Russia

    A. V. Maltsev, M. A. Yakushin & N. M. Sokolova

  2. Insitute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 4, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia

    N. V. Dovidchenko, A. K. Surin & O. V. Galzitskaya

  3. Institute of Biophysics Cell, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia

    V. K. Uteshev

  4. Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Addiction, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine

    V. V. Sokolik

  5. Vladimirsky MDSICI, Moscow, Russia

    O. M. Shtang

  6. Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia

    A. V. Maltsev

  7. State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Serpukhov region, Moscow oblast, 142279, Russia

    A. K. Surin

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  1. A. V. Maltsev
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Original Russian Text © A.V. Maltsev, N.V. Dovidchenko, V.K. Uteshev, V.V. Sokolik, O.M. Shtang, M.A. Yakushin, N.M. Sokolova, A.K. Surin, O.V. Galzitskaya, 2013, published in Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya.

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Maltsev, A.V., Dovidchenko, N.V., Uteshev, V.K. et al. Intensive protein synthesis in neurons and phosphorylation of beta-amyloid precursor protein and tau-protein are triggering factors of neuronal amyloidosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B 7, 278–293 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990750813040057

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