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Collisional Pumping of H\({}_{2}\)O and СH\({}_{3}\)OH Masers in C-Type Shock Waves

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Abstract

The collisional pumping of H\({}_{2}\)O and СH\({}_{3}\)OH masers in magnetohydrodynamic nondissociative C-type shocks is considered. A grid of C-type shock models with speeds in the range 5–70 km s\({}^{-1}\) and preshock gas densities \(n_{\textrm{H}_{2},0}=10^{4}\)–\(10^{7}\) cm\({}^{-3}\) is constructed. The large velocity gradient approximation is used to solve the radiative transfer equation in molecular lines. The para-H\({}_{2}\)O 183.3 GHz and ortho-H\({}_{2}\)O 380.1 and 448.0 GHz transitions are shown to be inverted and to have an optical depth along the shock velocity \(|\tau|\sim 1\) at relatively low gas densities in the maser zone, \(n_{\textrm{H}_{2}}\gtrsim 10^{5}\)–\(10^{6}\) cm\({}^{-3}\). Higher gas densities, \(n_{\textrm{H}_{2}}\gtrsim 10^{7}\) cm\({}^{-3}\), are needed for efficient pumping of the remaining H\({}_{2}\)O masers. Simultaneous generation of H\({}_{2}\)O and class I СH\({}_{3}\)OH maser emission in a shock is possible at preshock gas densities \(n_{\textrm{H}_{2},0}\approx 10^{5}\) cm\({}^{-3}\) and shock speeds in the range \(u_{\textrm{s}}\approx 17.5{-}22.5\) km s\({}^{-1}\). The possibility of detecting class I СH\({}_{3}\)OH and para-H\({}_{2}\)O 183.3 GHz masers in star-forming regions and near supernova remnants is investigated.

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  1. Ioffe Physical–Technical Institute, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. V. Nesterenok

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Nesterenok, A.V. Collisional Pumping of H\({}_{2}\)O and СH\({}_{3}\)OH Masers in C-Type Shock Waves. Astron. Lett. 48, 345–359 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773722060044

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