Abstract
Central, or “circumnuclear,” stars of the Galaxy, known as S stars, are studied. These stars can be used to investigate the gravitational potential near the Galactic center, which hosts a supermassive black hole (SMBH), as well as to impose constraints on estimates of the mass and position of this SMBH. The evolutionary relationship between S stars and hypervelocity stars is analyzed in the classical Hills scenario, which considers the dynamical capture of a binary star in the field of a SMBH. Numerical simulations in the three-body and N-body problems are used to obtain consistent statistics for the populations of S stars and high-velocity stars, and to estimate their lifetimes, including the time scale for the capture of an S star in the neighborhood of the central SMBH. The mass spectrum of the S stars is also analyzed, and the distribution of the semi-major axes for their orbits around the SMBH is derived. A comparison of the computed and observed distributions is used to place constraints on the time scale and cross section for the capture of binaries in the vicinity of the SMBH. The genetic relationship between high-velocity stars and S stars as former components of binary-star systems is confirmed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Lacy, C. Townes, T. Geballe, and D. Hollenbach, Astrophys. J. 241, 132 (1980).
J. Lacy, J. Achtermann, and E. Serabyn, Astrophys. J. 380, 71 (1991).
A. M. Fridman and S. G. Yanchenko, Astron. Rep. 53, 969 (2009).
S. Gillessen, P. Plewa, F. Eisenhauer, R. Sari, et al., Astrophys. J. 837, 30 (2017).
M. T. McGinn, K. Sellgren, E. F. Becklin, and D. N. B. Hall, in Proceedings of the 22nd Eslab Symposium on Infra-red Spectroscopy in Astronomy, Salamanca, Spain, December 7–9, 1988, Ed. by B. H. Kaideich, ESA-SP 290, 421 (1989).
D. Lynden-Bell and M. Rees, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 152, 461 (1971).
A. Eckart and R. Genzel, Nature 383, 415 (1996).
J. G. Hills, Nature 331, 687 (1988).
R. Schodel, T. Ott, R. Genzel, A. Eckart, N. Mouawad, and T. Alexander, Astrophys. J. 596, 1015 (2003).
S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, S. Trippe, T. Alexander, R. Genzel, F. Martins, and T. Ott, Astrophys. J. 692, 1075 (2009).
A. M. Ghez, S. Salim, N. N. Weinberg, J. R. Lu, et al., Astrophys. J. 689, 1044 (2008).
R. Abuter, A. Amorim, N. Anugu, M. Bauböck, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 615, L15 (2018); arXiv: 1807.09409 [astro-ph.GA].
P. Plewa, S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, T. Ott, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 453, 3234 (2015).
S. Chatzopoulos, T. Fritz, O. Gerhard, S. Gillessen, C. Wegg, R. Genzel, and O. Pfuhl, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 447, 948 (2015).
M. Parsa, A. Eckart, B. Shahzamanian, V. Karas, M. Zajacek, J. A. Zensus, and C. Straubmeier, Astrophys. J. 845, 22 (2017).
S. Chandrasekhar, Astrophys. J. 97, 255 (1943).
S. Gillessen, in Proceedings of the International Workshop Modest-13 on Star Clusters across Cosmic Time, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Aug. 19–23, 2013 (2013), p. 23. http://aphi.kz/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/MODEST-13-Booklet.pdf.
A. M. Ghez, S. Salim, S. D. Hornstein, A. Tanner, J. R. Lu, M. Morris, E. E. Becklin, and G. Duchene, Astrophys. J. 620, 744 (2005).
F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, T. Alexander, R. Abuter, T. Paumard, T. Ott, A. Gilbert, and S. Gillessen, Astrophys. J. 628, 246 (2005).
G. N. Dremova, V. V. Dremov, and A. V. Tutukov, Astron. Rep. 60, 695 (2016).
G. N. Dremova, V. V. Dremov, V. V. Orlov, A. V. Tutukov, and K. S. Shirokova, Astron. Rep. 59, 1019 (2015).
Y. Sofue and V. Rubin, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 39, 137 (2001).
G. Dryomova, V. Dryomov, and A. Tutukov, Baltic Astron. 24, 1 (2015).
G. N. Dremova, V. V. Dremov, and A. V. Tutukov, Astron. Rep. 58, 291 (2014).
X. Wu, B. Famaey, G. Gentile, H. Perets, and H. Zhao, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 2199 (2008).
L. Verlet and J. J. Weis, Phys. Rev. A 5, 939 (1972).
H. Loose, E. Krugel, and A. Tutukov, Astron. Astrophys. 105, 342 (1982).
G. Fragione, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, and P. Kroupa, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 467, 451 (2017).
A. Just, D. Yurin, M. Makukov, P. Berczik, Ch. Omarov, R. Spurzem, and E. Vilkoviskij, Astrophys. J. 758, 51 (2012).
T. Panamarev, B. Shukirgaliyev, Y. Meiron, P. Berczik, A. Just, R. Spurzem, Ch. Omarov, and E. Vilkoviskij, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 476, 4224 (2018).
N. Shipp, A. Drlica-Wagner, E. Balbinot, P. Ferguson, et al., AAS Meeting 231, 212.05 (2018).
A. V. Tutukov and A. V. Fedorova, Astron. Rep. 53, 839 (2009).
I. J. Iben and A. V. Tutukov, Astron. J. 284, 719 (1984).
E. I. Popova, A. V. Tutukov, and L. R. Yungelson, Astrophys. Space Sci. 88, 55 (1982).
M. A. Svechnikov, O. V. Eretnova, M. N. Ol'neva, and T. A. Taidakova, Nauch. Inform. Astron. Sov. AN SSSR 67, 15 (1989).
A. Duquennoy and M. Mayor, Astron. Astrophys. 248, 485 (1991).
H. Kobulnicky and C. Fryer, Astron. Astrophys. 670, 747 (2007).
Z. T. Kraicheva, E. I. Popova, A. V. Tutukov, and L. F. Yungel'son, Sov. Astron. 22, 670 (1978).
J. M. Scalo, in Protostars and Planets II, Ed. by D. C. Black and M. S. Matthews (Univ. Arizone Press, Tucson, Arizona, 1985), p. 201.
M. A. Svechnikov, Study of Interaction Effects in Close Binary Systems with Non-Relativistic Components (Valgus, Tallin, 1990), p. 26 [in Russian].
A. Claret, Astron. Astrophys. 424, 919 (2004).
E. Salpeter, Astrophys. J. 121, 161 (1955).
B. Yanny, C. Rockosi, H. J. Newberg, G. R. Knapp, et al., Astron. J. 137, 4377 (2009).
H. Aihara, C. Allende Prieto, D. An, S. F. Anderson, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 193, 29 (2011).
W. Brown, M. Geller, and S. Kenyon, Astrophys. J. 787, 89 (2014).
S. Kenyon, B. Bromley, M. Geller, and W. Brown, Astrophys. J. 680, 312 (2008).
W. Brown, M. Lattanzi, S. Kenyon, and M. Geller, arXiv: 1805.04184 [astro-ph.SR] (2018).
D. Psaltis, N. Wex, and M. Kramer, Astrophys. J. 818, 121 (2016).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2019, Vol. 96, No. 10, pp. 866–880.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dremova, G.N., Dremov, V.V. & Tutukov, A.V. The Statistics of S Stars and Their Correlation with Hypervelocity Stars. Astron. Rep. 63, 862–876 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772919100032
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772919100032