Abstract
The polymorphism of hordeins controlled by the Hrd A, Hrd B, and Hrd F loci in 259 varieties of spring barley approved for use in the Russian Federation was studied by electrophoresis in starch gel. For locus Hrd A, 21 alleles were identified; for locus Hrd B, 34 alleles; and for locus Hrd F, 4 alleles. The allele frequencies of these loci varied in the range of 0.4807–0.0039 (Hrd A), 0.2394–0.0039 (Hrd B), and 0.4633–0.0058 (Hrd F). The polymorphism found at the Hrd loсus theoretically allows differentiating 2856 genotypes. The studied varieties by genotypes of hordein-coding loci were distributed in 113 groups including from 1 to 31 varieties. The largest number of groups (77–68.15%) included one variety. These varieties were unique in terms of Hrd locus genotypes. Another 18 groups (15.94%) included two varieties each with identical electrophoregrams of hordein. Groups including 27 and 31 varieties with the same genetic formulas of hordein were found. The use of additional genetic markers—SSR markers and water-soluble grain proteins for differentiation and identification of barley varieties that are identical in hordeins—is discussed. The results of using electrophoretic analysis of hordein in laboratory varietal control of malting barley from 2005 to 2019 are presented. The trend of increasing lots with high varietal purity (more than 95%) from 27% in 2005 to 62–65% in 2016–2019 is shown. At the same time, over the past 5 years, the share of batches of malting barley that do not correspond to the declared varieties has decreased from 14.7% in 2015 to 4.2–4.6% in 2018 and 2019 respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Pomortsev, A.A., Kudryavtsev, A.M., Upelniek, V.V., et al., Metodika provedeniya laboratornogo sortovogo kontrolya po gruppam sel’skokhozyaistvennykh rastenii (Methods of Laboratory Cultivar Control among Agricultural Plant Groups), Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh, 2004.
Konarev, V.G., Dyagileva, G.E., Gavrilyuk, I.P., et al., Barley cultivar identification by the electrophoretic spectra of hordein, Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Inst. Rastenievod. im. N.I. Vavilova, 1979, issue 92, pp. 30—40.
Sozinov, A.A., Netsvetaev, V.P., Grigoryan, E.M., and Obraztsov, I.S., Mapping Hrd loci in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Vav. et Bach.), Genetica (Moscow), 1978, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1610—1619.
Pomortsev, A.A., Netsvetaev, V.P., Poperelya F.A., et al., Identification of sixth locus that controls the synthesis of hordein in winter barley, Dokl. Vses. Akad. S.-kh. Nauk im. Lenina, 1983, no. 1, pp. 7—11.
Netsvetaev, V.P. and Sozinov, A.A., Location of a hordein G locus, Hrd G, on chromosome 5 of barley, Barley Gen. Newslett., 1984, vol. 14, pp. 4—6.
Pomortsev, A.A. and Lyalina, E.V., Assessment of barley seeds cultivar identity and purity by means of electrophoretic analysis of storage proteins, in Metodicheskoe posobie k praktikumu “Belkovye markery dlya geneticheskoy pasportizatsii i uluchsheniya genomov rastenii khozyaystvenno tsennykh vidov” (Methodological Guide for the Practical Course “Protein Markers for Genetic Certification and Improvement of Plant Genomes of Economically Valuable Species,” Moscow: Tsifrovichok, 2011.
Khlynovskii, A.D., Ermolaeva, G.A., and Zharkova, L.P., Application of electrophoresis for cultivar purity testing in malting barley, Sovremennye printsipy i metody selektsii yachmenya (Modern Principles and Methods of Barley Breeding) (Proc. Int. Theor. Pract. Conf.), Krasnodar, 2007, pp. 281—285.
Tarazanov, V.A., Qualitative aspects of malting barley production, Zerno i khleb Rossii (Grain and Bread of Russa) (Proc. IIIrd Int. Congress), S.-Peterburg, 2007, p. 93.
Cook, R.J., Handbook of Variety Testing: Electrophoresis Handbook: Variety Identification, ISTA, 1992.
https://wneat.pw.usda.gov/GG3/.
Varshney, R.K., Grosse, I., Hähnel, U., et al., Genetic mapping and BAC assignment of EST-derived SSR markers shows non-uniform distribution of genes in the barley genome, Theor. Appl. Genet., 2006, vol. 113, p. 239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0289-z
Ramsay, L., Russell, J., and Macaulay, M., Variation shown by molecular markers in barley: genomic and genetic constraints, Aspects Appl. Biol., 2004, vol. 72, pp. 146—154.
https://www.diversityarrays.com/orderinstructions/plant-dna-extraction-protocol-for-dart/.
Ramsay, L., Macaulay, M., Degli Ivanissevich, S., et al., A simple sequence repeat-based linkage map of barley, Genetics, 2000, vol. 156, no. 4, pp. 1997—2005.
Varshney, R.K., Marcel, T.C., Ramsay, L., et al., A high-density barley microsatellite consensus map with 775 SSR loci, Theor. Appl. Genet., 2007, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 1091—1103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0503-7
Sambrook, J. and Russel, D.W., et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 2001, 3rd ed.
Pomortsev, A.A., Kalabushkin, B.A., Ladogina, M., et al., Gene geography and specific features of the distribution of allelic variants in three hordein coding loci of spring barley on the territory of the former USSR, Russ. J. Genet., 1994, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 806—815.
Pomortsev, A.A., Kalabushkin, B.A., and Lyalina, E.V., Distribution of the allelic variants of three hordein-coding loci of spring barley in Russia, Russ. J. Genet., 2001, vol. 37, no. 11., pp. 1279—1529. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012509125810
Netsvetaev, V.P., Shmider, V., and Demina, V.I., Hordein, malting properties and productivity of spring barley, Fiziologo-geneticheskie osnovy intensifikatsii selektsionnogo protsessa (Physiological and Genetic Bases of Intensification of the Breeding Process) (Proc. Vses. Conf.), Saratov, 1984, pp. 44—45.
Netsvetaev, V.P., Theoretical bases of the protein polymorphism usage for the breeding process optimization, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation, Vseross. Inst. Rastenievod. im N.I. Vavilova, St. Petersburg, 2000.
Echart-Almeida, C. and Cavalli-Molina, S., Hordein polypeptide patterns in relation to malting quality in Brazilian barley varieties, Pesq. Agropecu. Bras., 2001, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 211—217.
Pomortsev, A.A., Boldyrev, S.V., and Lyalina, E.V., Complex of polymorphic loci that control seed proteins for identification of barley varieties, Tr. Prikl. Bot., Genet. Sel., 2014, vol. 175, no. 4, pp. 87—91.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pomortsev, A.A., Lyalina, E.V., Tereshchenko, N.A. et al. Genetic Markers in Laboratory Variety Control of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Russ J Genet 57, 1057–1063 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795421090106
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795421090106