Abstract
In this work, we present a numerical study of the laminar-turbulence transition flow around a symmetrical air-foil at a low Reynolds number in free flow and near the ground surface at different angles of attack. Finite volume method is employed to solve the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation. In this way, the Transition SST turbulence model is used for modeling the flow turbulence. Flow around the symmetrical airfoil SD7003 is numerically simulated in free stream and near the ground surface. Our numerical method can detect different aspects of flow such as adverse pressure gradient, laminar separation bubble and laminar to turbulent transition onset and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Lissaman, Low-Reynolds-number airfoils, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1983, Vol. 15, P. 223–239.
B.H. Carmichael, Low Reynolds number airfoil survey. NASA CR-165803, 1981.
M. Gad-el-Hak, Micro-air-vehicles: can they be controlled better? J. Aircraft, 2001, Vol. 38, No. 3, P. 419–429.
A.E.V. Doenhoff, A Preliminary Investigation of Boundary Layer Transition Along a Flat Plate with Adverse Pressure Gradient, NACA TR-TN 639, 1938.
J.W. Ward, The behaviour and effects of laminar separation bubbles on aerofoils in incompressible flow, J. Roy. Aeronaut. Soc., 1963, Vol. 67, No. 636, P.783–790.
M.M. O’Meara and T.J. Mueller, Laminar separation bubble characteristics on an airfoil at low Reynolds num-bers, AIAA J., 1987, Vol. 25, No. 8, P.1033–1041.
R. Ranzenbach and J. Barlow, Cambered aerofoil in ground effect: wind-tunnel and road conditions, AIAA J., 1995, P. 951–909.
R. Ranzenbach and J. Barlow, Cambered aerofoil in ground effect-An experimental and computational study, Soc. Automotive Engineers, 1996, P. 96–0909.
J. Zerihan and X. Zhang, Aerodynamics of a single element wing in ground effect, J. Aircraft, 2000, Vol. 37, No. 6, P. 1058–1064.
A.W. Ailor and W.R. Eberle, Configuration effects on the lift of a body in close ground proximity, J. Aircraft, 1976, Vol. 13, No. 8, P. 584–589.
M.D. Chawla, L.C. Edwards, and M.E. Frande, Wind-tunnel investigation of wing-in-ground effects, J. Air-craft, 1990, Vol. 27, No. 4, P. 289–293.
H. Tomaru and Y. Kohama, Experiments on wing in ground effect with fixed ground plate, in: Proc. Second JSME-KSME Fluids Engineering Conf., 1990, P. 370–373.
C.M. Hsiun and C.K. Chen, Aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil with ground effect, J. Air-craft, 1996, Vol. 33, No. 2, P. 386–392.
M.R. Ahmed, Aerodynamics of a cambered airfoil in ground effect, Int. J. Fluid Mech. Research, 2005, Vol. 32, No. 2, P. 158–183.
M.R. Ahmed and S.D. Sharma, An investigation on the aerodynamics of a symmetrical airfoil in ground effect, Exper. Thermal Fluid Sciences, 2005, Vol. 29, P. 633–647.
K.H. Jung, H.H. Chun, and H.J. Kim, Experimental investigation of wing-in-ground effect with a NACA6409 section, J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 2008, Vol. 13, P. 317–327.
Z.G. Yang, W. Yang, and Q. Jia, Ground viscous effect on 2D flow of wing in ground proximity, Engng Appli-cations of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2010, Vol. 4, P. 521–531.
W. Yang, F. Lin, and Z. Yang, Three-dimensional ground viscous effect on study of wing-in-ground effect, in: Proc. Third Inter. Conf. on Modelling and Simulation (ICMS2010), 2010, P. 165–168.
H. Chun and R. Chang, Turbulence flow simulation for wings in ground effect with two ground condition fixed and moving ground, Inter J. Martime Engng, 2003, Vol. 145, P. 51–68.
R. Wahidi, W. Lai, and J.P. Hubner, Time-averaged and time-resolved volumetric velocimetry measurements of a laminar separation bubble on an airfoil, European J. Mech. Fluids, 2013, Vol. 41, P.46–59.
S. Yarusevych, On vortex shedding from an airfoil in low Reynolds number flows, J. Fluid Mech., 2009, Vol. 632, P. 245–271.
D. Mateescu, O. Scholz, and C. Wang, Aerodynamics of airfoils at low Reynolds numbers in the proximity of the ground, in: 12th Pan-American Congress of Applied Mechanics, Trinidad-Spain, 2012.
F.R. Menter, T. Esch, and S. Kubacki, Transition modelling based on local variables, in: 5th Int. Symp. Turbu-lence Modeling and Measurements, Mallorca, Spain, 2002.
F.R. Menter, R.B. Langtry, S.R. Likki, Y.B. Suzen, P.G. Huang, and S. Valker, A correlation based transition model using local variables part1 model formulation, in: ASME-GT2004-53452, ASME TURBO EXPO, Vienna, Austria, 2004.
F.R. Menter, R.B. Langtry, and S. Valker, Transition Modeling for General Purpose CFD Codes, Flow, Turbul. Combust., 2004, Vol. 77, P. 277–303.
M. Drela, XFOIL Subsonic Airfoil Development System. Last updated December 23, 2013. https://doi.org/web.mit.edu/drela/Public/web/xfoil/.
M.V. Ol, B.R. McAuliffe, E.S. Hanff, U. Scholz, and C. Kähler, Comparison of laminar separation bubble measurements on a low Reynolds number airfoil in three facilities, in: 35th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, Toronto, Canada, 2005.
A. Firooz, and M. Gadami, Turbulence flow for NACA4412 in unbounded flow and ground effect with different turbulence models and two ground conditions: fixed and moving ground conditions, in: Int. Conf. Boundary and Interior layers, Göttingen, 2006.
R. Hain, Untersuchungen zur Dynamik laminarer Ablöseblasen mit der zeitauflösenden Particle Image Velocimetry, PhD Thesis, TU Braunschweig, 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kadivar, E., Kadivar, E. Computational study of the laminar to turbulent transition over the SD7003 airfoil in ground effect. Thermophys. Aeromech. 25, 497–505 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864318040030
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864318040030