Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Real eukaryotes and precipitates first found in the Middle Riphean stratotype, southern Urals

  • Published:
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

New investigations considerably extended taxonomic list of microbiotas from cherts of the Kataskin and Revet subformations of the Avzyan Formation in the Yurmata Group, the Middle Riphean stratotype in southern Urals. It is recognized in distinction from previous works that found remains of eukaryotic unicellular organisms represent a considerable percentage of fossil microbial population buried in the Kataskin Subformation. In addition to cyanobacteria known before, cherts of the subformation yielded fossil microorganisms representing eukaryotic phytoplankton. These remains described formerly as organic-walled microfossils from siliciclastic sediments of the Zigazino-Komarovo and Avzyan formations had not been known from cherty-carbonate strata of the Middle Riphean. The discovery is consistent with recent data on microfossils of complex morphology present in silicified microbiotas, which has been regarded as prokaryotic exclusively. Layered inorganic precipitates found for the first time in the Kataskin Subformation are widespread in pre-Upper Riphean successions and disappear near the Middle-Upper Riphean boundary. Besides, silicified cyanobacterial remains described formerly from the Avzyan Formation are revised, and their formal composition is corrected in accord with the present-day classification of fossil blue-green algae. The correction results and new microfossils found elucidate microphytological characterization of the Middle Riphean that is important for biostratigraphic correlation of Proterozoic deposits and helps to solve some problems of taxonomy of Precambrian microfossils. The assemblage of microfossils from the Avzyan Formation offers a unique opportunity to understand a transitional moment in history of Proterozoic microorganisms, when entophysalidacean and stalked cyanobacteria developed jointly parallel to expansion of eukaryotic unicellular algae into prokaryotic ecosystems. The work includes description of 10 microfossil species attributed to 7 genera.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. K. Bartley, A. H. Knoll, J. P. Grotzinger, and V. N. Sergeev, “Lithification and Fabric Genesis in Precipitated Stromatolites and Associated Peritidal Carbonates, Mesoproterozoic Billiakh Group, Siberia,” SEPM Special Publication 67, 59–73 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. J. Butterfield, “Paleobiology of the Late Proterozoic (ca. 1200 Ma) Hunting Formation, Somersed Island, Arctic Canada,” Precambrian Res. 111, 235–256 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. J. Butterfield, “Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: Implications for the Evolution of Sex, Multicellularity and the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Radiation of Eukaryotes,” Paleobiology 26, 386–404 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  4. N. J. Butterfield, A. H. Knoll, and K. Swett, “Paleobiology of the Neoproterozoic Svanbergfiellet Formation, Spitsbergen,” Fossils and Strata, No. 34, 84 (1994).

  5. M. I. Garans’, “Correlation of the Upper Precambrian Successions in the Urals,” in Stratigraphy of the USSR (GONTI, Moscow, 1963), Vol. 2 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  6. V. K. Golovenok and M. Yu. Belova, “Microfossils in Cherts from the Riphean Deposits of the Turukhansk Uplift,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 1(3), 51–62 (1993) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 1 (3), 279–288 (1993)].

    Google Scholar 

  7. V. K. Golovenok and M. Yu. Belova, “Microfossils in Cherts of the Riphean Sukhaya Tunguska Formation, Turukhansk Uplift,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 323(1), 114–118 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  8. I. N. Golub, “A New Group of Problematic Microstructures in Vendian Deposits of the Orsha Basin (Russian Platform),” in Paleontology of the Precambrian and Early Cambrian (Nauka, Leningrad, 1979), pp. 147–155 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Golubic,“Organisms That Build Stromatolites,” Stromatolites, Ed. by M.R. Walter (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976), pp. 113–126.

  10. S. Golubic and H. J. Hofmann, “Comparison of Holocene and Mid-Precambrian Entophysalidaceae (Cyanophyta) in Stromatolitic Algal Mats: Cell Division and Degradation,” J. Paleontol. 50, 1074–1082 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. W. Green, A. H. Knoll, S. Golubic, and K. Swett, “Paleobiology of Distinctive Benthic Microfossils from the Upper Proterozoic Limestone-Dolomite ’series’, Central-East Greenland,” Am. J. Bot. 74(6), 928–940 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. D. Grevello, J. L. Wilson, J. F. Sarg, and J. F. Read, SEPM Special Publication 44, 79–106 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. P. Grotzinger, “Evolution of Early Proterozoic Passive-Margin Carbonate Platform, Rocknest Formation, Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada,” J. Sediment. Petrology 56, 831–847 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. P. Grotzinger, “Facies and Evolution of Precambrian Carbonate Depositional Systems: Emergence of the Modern Platform Archetype,” SEPM Spec. Publ. 44, 79–106 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. P. Grotzinger, “Trends in Precambrian Carbonate Sediments and Their Implication for Under standing Evolution,” Early Life on Earth, Ed. by S. N. Y. Bengtson (Columbia Univ. Press, Columbia, 1994), pp. 245–258.

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. J. Hofmann and C. D. Jackson, “Shelf-Facies Microfossils from the Uluksan Group (Proterozoic Bylot Supergroup), Baffin Island, Canada,” J. Paleontol 65, 361–382 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. J. Horodyski and J. A. Donaldson, “Microfossils from the Middle Proterozoic Dismal Lakes Group, Arctic Canada,” Precambrian Res. 11, 125–159 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. R. J. Horodyski, B. Bloeser, and S. V. Haar, “Laminated Algal Mats from a Coastal Lagoon, Laguna Mormona, Baja California,” J. Sediment. Petrology 47, 680–696 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. J. Javaux, A. H. Knoll, and M. R. Walter, “Morphology and Ecological Complexity in Early Eukaryotic Ecosystems,” Nature 412(6872), 66–69 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. C. Kah and A. H. Knoll, “Microbenthic Distribution of Proterozoic Tidal Flats: Environmental and Taphonomic Considerations,” Geology 24, 79–82 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. L. C. Kah, A. G. Sherman, G. M. Narbonne, et al., “δC13 Stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Bylot Supergroup, Baffin Island, Canada: Implications for Regional Lithostratigraphic Correlations,” Can. J. Earth Sci. 36, 313–332 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B. M. Keller, Tectonic and Formation History of the Upper Precambrian, Itogi Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Obsh. Geol. (VINITI, Moscow, 1973) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  23. B. M. Keller and T. V. Yankauskas, “Microfossils from the Riphean Stratotype in the Southern Urals,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., No. 12, 58–68 (1980).

  24. B. M. Keller, V. I. Kozlov, and A. F. Rotars’, “The Middle Riphean (Yurmatinian),” in Stratotype of the Riphean: Stratigraphy, Geochronology (Nauka, Moscow, 1983), pp. 30–49 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. H. Knoll and S. Golubic, “Anatomy and Taphonomy of a Precambrian Algal Stromatolite,” Precambrian Res. 10, 115–151 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. H. Knoll and V. N. Sergeev, “Taphonomic and Evolutionary Changes across the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Transition,” Neues Jahrb. Palaeontol., Abh. 195 (1995).

  27. V. I. Kozlov, A. A. Krasnobaev, N. N. Larionov, et al., The Lower Riphean of Southern Urals (Nuaka, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  28. V. I. Kozlov, N. D. Sergeeva, N. N. Larionov, et al., “The Upper Precambrian of Southern Urals and Adjacent Eastern Areas of the Russian Plate,” in The Riphean of North Eurasia: Geology, General Problems of Stratigraphy (Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Yekaterinburg, 1997), pp. 85–93 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  29. E. V. Kozlova, “Organic-Walled Microfossils from Deposits of the Avzyan Formation, Southern Urals,” in The Upper Precambrian of Southern Urals and Eastern Areas of the Russian Plate (UNTs RAN, Ufa, 1993), pp. 60–68 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. A. Krasnobaev, Zircon as an Indicator of Geologic Processes (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  31. I. N. Krylov and V. N. Sergeev, “Riphean Microfossils of the Southern Urals in the Kusa Area,” in Stratigraphy, Lithology and Geochemistry of the Upper Precambrian, the Southern Urals and Adjacent Region (Bashkir. Filial AN SSSR, Ufa, 1986), pp. 95–109 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. C. Lo, “Microbial Fossils from the Lower Yudoma Suite, Earliest Phanerozoic, Eastern Siberia,” Precambrian Res. 13, 109–166 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. V. Maslov and L. V. Anfimov, The Avzyan Productive Formation of the Middle Riphean in the Southern Urals (Lithostratigraphy, Genesis, Mineralization) (Inst. Geol. Geokhim., Yekaterinburg, 2000) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. V. Maslov, E. Z. Gareev, and M. T. Krupenin, Sedimentary Succession of the Riphean in the Type Area (GP Print, Ufa, 1998) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  35. A. V. Maslov, M. T. Krupenin, E. Z. Gareev, and L. V. Anfimov, The Riphean of the Southern Urals Western Flank (Classical Sections, Sedimentation, Lithogenesis, Mineralization, Natural Geological Monuments) (Inst. Geol. Geokhim., Yekaterinburg, 2001) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  36. D. S. McMenamin, S. Kumar, and S. M. Awramik, “Microbial Fossils from the Kheinjuo Formation, Middle Proterozoic Semri Group (Lower Vindhyan), Son Valley Area, Central India,” Precambrian Res. 21(1/2), 247–271 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  37. C. V. Mendelson and J. W. Schopf, “Proterozoic Microfossils from the Sukhaya Tunguska, Shorikha, and Yudoma Formations of the Siberian Platform, USSR,” J. Paleontol. 56, 42–83 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  38. N. S. Mikhailova and V. N. Podkovyrov, “New data on Organic-Walled Microfossils from the Upper Precambrian of the Urals,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., No. 10, 111–123 (1992).

  39. M. D. Muir, “Proterozoic Microfossils from the Amelia Dolomite, McArthur Basin, Northern Territory,” Alcheringa 1(1), 143–158 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. Sharma and V. N. Sergeev, “Genesis of Carbonate Precipitate Patterns and Associated Microfossils in Mesoproterozoic Formations of India and Russia—a Comparative Study,” Precambrian Res. 134, 317–347 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. K. E. Nagovitsin, “Silicified Microbiota of the Upper Riphean from the Yenisei Ridge,” Appendix to Geol. Geofiz. 41(2–3), 7–31 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  42. K. E. Nagovitsin, “New Late Riphean Composite Microfossils from the Yenisei Ridge,” Paleontol. Zh., No. 3, 5–13 (2001a) [Paleontol. J. 35 (3), 225–232 (2001a)].

  43. K. E. Nagovitsin, Extended Abstract of Candidates’s Dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy (Novosibirsk, 2001b).

  44. S. N. Naumova, “Spores of the Lower Cambrian,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., No. 4, 49–56 (1949).

  45. S. N. Naumova, “Spore-Pollen Spectra of Riphean and Loer Cambrian Deposits in the USSR,” in Proceedings of the Intern. Geol. Congress, Session XXI (Nauka, Moscow, 1960), pp. 109–116 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Y. Nyberg and J. W. Schopf, “Microfossils in Stromatolitic Cherts from the Upper Proterozoic Mins’yar Formation, Southern Ural Mountains, USSR,” J. Paleontol. 58(3), 738–772 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  47. R. N. Ogurtsova and V. N. Sergeev, “Microbiota of the Chichkan Formation, Upper Precambrian of the Lesser Karatau (Southern Kazakhstan),” Paleontol. Zh., No. 2, 107–116 (1987).

  48. G. V. Ovchinnikova, I. M. Vasils’eva, M. A. Semikhatov, et al., “U-Pb Systematics on Proterozoic Carbonate Rocks: The Inzer Formation of the Upper Riphean Stratotype (Southern Urals),” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 6(4), 20–31 (1998) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 6 (4), 336–347 (1998)].

    Google Scholar 

  49. P. Yu. Petrov, M. A. Semikhatov, and V. N. Sergeev, “Development of the Riphean Carbonate Platform and Distribution of Silicified Microfossils: the Sukhaya Tunguska Formation, Turukhansk Uplift, Siberia,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 3(6), 79–99 (1995) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 3 (6), 602–620 (1995)].

    Google Scholar 

  50. Resolution of the Third All-Russian Meeting “General Problems of Precambrian Stratigraphy,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 9(3), 101–106 (2001) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 9 (3), 304–308 (2001)].

  51. J. W. Schopf, “Atlas of Representative Proterozoic Microfossils,” in The Proterozoic Biosphere, Ed. by J. W. Schopf and C. Klein (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1055–1118.

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. W. Schopf, T. A. Dolnik, I. N. Krylov, et al. “Six New Stromatolitic Microbiotas from the Proterozoic of the Soviet Union,” Precambrian Res. 4(3), 269–284 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. M. A. Semikhatov, G. V. Ovchinnikova, I. M. Gorokhov, et al., “Isotope Age of the Middle-Upper Riphean Boundary: Pb-Pb Geochronology of the Lakhanda Group Carbonates, Eastern Siberia,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk 372(2), 216–221 (2000) [Dokl. Earth Science 372 (2), 625–629 (2000)].

    Google Scholar 

  54. V. N. Sergeev, “Silicified Microfossils from the Middle Riphean Stratotype, the Southern Urals,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 303(3), 708–710 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  55. V. N. Sergeev, “Silicified Microfossils from Transitional Meso-Neoproterozoic Deposits of the Turukhansk Uplift, Siberia,” Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Ital. 28(2–3), 287–295 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  56. V. N. Sergeev, “Silicified Microfossils from the Avzyan Formation of the Southern Urals,” Paleontol. Zh., No. 2, 103–112 (1992b).

  57. V. N. Sergeev, Silicified Microfossils of the Precambrian and Cambrian in the Urals and central Asia (Nauka, Moscow, 1992a) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  58. V. N. Sergeev, “Microfossils in Cherts from the Middle Riphean (Mesoproterozoic) Avzyan Formation, Southern Ural Mountains, Russian Federation,” Precambrian Res. 65, 231–254 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. V. N. Sergeev, “Paleobiology of the Neoproterozoic (Upper Riphean) Shorikha and Burovaya Silicified Microbiotas, Turukhansk Uplift, Siberia,” J. Paleontol. 75(2), 427–448 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  60. V. N. Sergeev, “Silicified Microfossils from the Vendian Yudoma Group, the Uchur-Maya Region of Siberia: Facies Dependence and Biostratigraphic Potential,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 10(6), 20–39 (2002) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 10 (6), 547–564 (2002)].

    Google Scholar 

  61. V. N. Sergeev, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy (Moscow, 2003).

  62. V. N. Sergeev and Lee Seong-Joo, “Microfossils from Cherts of the Middle Riphean Svetlyi Formation, the Uchur-Maya Region of Siberia, and Their Stratigraphic Significance,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 9(1), 3–12 (2001) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 9 (1), 1–10 (2002)].

    Google Scholar 

  63. V. N. Sergeev and Lee Seong-Joo, “New Data on Silicified Microfossils from the Satka Formation of the Lower Riphean Stratotype, the Urals,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 12(1), 1–21 (2004) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 12 (1), 1–21 (2004)].

    Google Scholar 

  64. V. N. Sergeev, A. H. Knoll, and J. P. Grotzinger, “Paleobiology of the Mesoproterozoic Billiakh Group, Anabar Uplift, Northeastern Siberia,” J. Paleontol. 69 (1995).

  65. V. N. Sergeev, A. H. Knoll, and P. Yu. Petrov, “Paleobiology of the Mesoproterozoic—Neoproterozoic Transition: The Sukhaya Tunguska Formation, Turukhansk Uplift, Siberia,” Precambrian Res. 85, 201–239 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. V. N. Sergeev, A. H. Knoll, S. P. Kolosova, and P. N. Kolosov, “Microfossils in Cherts from the Mesoproterozoic (Middle Riphean) Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, Northeastern Siberia,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 2(1), 23–38 (1994) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 2 (1), 19–33 (1994)].

    Google Scholar 

  67. V. N. Sergeev and I. N. Krylov, “Microfossils of the Mins’yar Formation, the Inzer River Basin,” Paleontol. Zh., No. 1, 84–95 (1986).

  68. N. S. Shatskii, Tectonics of the Volga-Ural Petroliferous Province and Adjacent Flank Zone of the Southern Urals (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1945) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  69. D. V. Shopf, T. A. Dols’nik, I. N. Krylov, et al., “Microfossils in Precambrian Stromatolitic Rocks of the USSR,” in Paleontology of the Precambrian and Early Cambrian (Nauka, Leningrad, 1979), pp. 104–109 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  70. A. F. Veis, E. V. Kozlova, and N. G. Vorobs’eva, “Organic-Walled Microfossils of the Riphean Type Section (Southern Urals),” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., No. 9, 20–36 (1990).

  71. A. F. Vies, V. I. Kozlov, N. D. Sergeeva, and N. G. Vorobs’eva, “Microfossils from the Upper Riphean Type Section (the Karatau Group of Southern Urals),” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 11(6), 19–44 (2003) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 11 (6), 550–572 (2003)].

    Google Scholar 

  72. A. F. Veis, N. N. Larionov, and N. G. Vorobs’eva, Lee Seong-Joo, “Significance of Microfossils for Riphean Stratigraphy of the Southern Urals (Bashkirian Meganticlinorium) and Adjacent Region (Kama-Belaya Aulacogen),” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 8(6), 3–28 (2003) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 8 (6), 550–572 (2003)].

    Google Scholar 

  73. S. L. Venetskaya and L. M. Gerasimenko, “Electron-Microscopic Study of Microorganisms in Halophilic Cyanobacterial Community,” Mikrobiologiya 57(3), 450–457 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  74. S. Xiao, A. H. Knoll, A. J. Kaufman, et al., “Neoproterozoic Fossils in Mesoproterozoic Rocks? Chemostratigraphic Resolution of a Biostratigraphic Conuntdrum from the North China Platform,” Precambrian Res. 84, 197–220 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Xunlai Yuan and H. J. Hofmann, “New Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic (Sinian) Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China,” Alcheringa 22, 189–222 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  76. M. S. Yakshin, Vodoroslevaya mikrobiota nizhnego rifeya Anabarskogo podnyatiya (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  77. Y. Yan and S. Zhu, “Discovery of Acanthomorphic Acritarchs from the Baicaoping Formation in Yongji, Shanxi and Its Geological Significance,” Acta Micropaleontol. Sinica 9(3), 267–282 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  78. T. V. Yankauskas, “Microbiotas of the Lower Riphean in the Southern Urals,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 247(6), 1465–1467 (1979a).

    Google Scholar 

  79. T. V. Yankauskas, “Microbiotas of the Middle Riphean in the Southern Urals,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 248(1), 190–193 (1979b).

    Google Scholar 

  80. T. V. Yankauskas, “Riphean Microfossils from the Southern Urals,” in Stratotype of the Riphean: Paleontology, Paleomagnetism (Nauka, Moscow, 1982), pp. 84–120 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  81. T. V. Yankauskas, N. S. Mikhailova, T. N. German, et al., Precambrian Microfossils of the USSR (Nauka, Leningrad, 1989) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  82. L. Yin, “Acanthomorphic Acritarchs from Meso-Neoproterozoic Shales of the Ruyang Group, Shanxi, China,” Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 98, 15–25 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Z. Zhang, “Coccoid Microfossils from the Doushantou Formation (Late Sinian) of Southern China,” Precambrian Res. 28, 163–173 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Z. Zhang, “Proterozoic Stromatolite Microfloras of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation (Early Sinian: Riphean), Hebei, China,” J. Paleontol. 55, 485–506 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Y. Zhang, L. Yin, S. Xiao, and A. H. Knoll, “Permineralised Fossils from the Terminal Proterozoic Doushantou Formation, South China,” J. Paleontol. 72 (1998).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017, Russia

    V. N. Sergeev

  2. Geological Faculty, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Republik of Korea

    Lee Seong-Joo

Authors
  1. V. N. Sergeev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lee Seong-Joo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.N. Sergeev, Lee Seong-Joo. 2006, published in Stratigrafiya, Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2006, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 3–21.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sergeev, V.N., Seong-Joo, L. Real eukaryotes and precipitates first found in the Middle Riphean stratotype, southern Urals. Stratigr. Geol. Correl. 14, 1–18 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593806010011

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593806010011

Key words

Search

Navigation