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Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetics and Optimization Study by Box Behnken Design on Removal of Phenol from Coke Wastewater Using Banana Peel (Musa sp.) Biosorbent

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Abstract

Phenol is a vicious contaminant due to its high toxicity and potential for accumulating in the environment. This ubiquitous organic pollutant gets introduced to the surface water through the effluents of various industries such as industrial coal conversion, fertilizers, petroleum refineries, coke oven plants, pharmaceutical, dye processing, etc. Since presence of even a smaller concentration of phenolic compounds is a serious threat to the living organisms, elimination of this hazardous material from the waste water prior to its discharge is utmost necessary. To mitigate this challenge, numerous techniques have been employed till date, of which, adsorption method has emerged as a promising processing candidate. The method has gained tremendous attention due to the use of natural adsorbents (or biosorbent) specifically derived from the agricultural or household residues. The wide availability, low cost, environmental friendliness and excellent biodegradability of the biosorbent not only enhances the efficacy but also dictates the simplicity and versatility of this technique. The current research deals with the actively removal of phenol concentration from real coke wastewater using activated carbon extracted from banana peel waste as an adsorbent. The maximum phenol removal efficiency from coke wastewater was achieved by batch study with varying parameters at 100 min equilibrium contact time, pH: 7, and adsorbent dosage 0.5 g/30 mL. The parameters such as the adsorbent dose (A: 0.1–1 g), pH (B: 2–10), and temperature (C: 25–50°C) were optimized and statistically analyzed by using Box Behnken design (BBD). The use of activated banana peel biosorbent resulted to achieve maximum phenol removal efficiency of 89.22%. The detailed characterization of biosorbent was corroborated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the surface area were analyzed by Brunauer–Emmett Teller (BET). The adsorption data were analyzed and fitted well with the Temkin adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicates that the phenol adsorption on to banana peel biosorbent was an endothermic and physio-sorption process.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India

    L. Mishra, K. K. Paul & S. Jena

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Mishra, L., Paul, K.K. & Jena, S. Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetics and Optimization Study by Box Behnken Design on Removal of Phenol from Coke Wastewater Using Banana Peel (Musa sp.) Biosorbent. Theor Found Chem Eng 56, 1189–1203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040579522330041

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