Abstract—
Tonlesapia tsukawakii Motomura et Mukai, 2006 is an endemic freshwater representative of the family Callionymidae (Teleostei: Perciformes: Callionymidei) living in the Mekong River. According to the materials of studies conducted in 2018–2022, the occurrence of the species in catches in the Mekong Delta averaged 20.7%, the proportion in terms of abundance was 2.6%, in terms of weight, 0.6%. The maximum values of the species parameters were 81.2 ind./effort and 176.2 g/effort, respectively. The abundance of fish significantly decreased in the conditions of low content of dissolved oxygen and on a substrate with plant residues. The sex ratio of T. tsukawakii was 1.0 : 3.1 with a stable prevalence of females, which distinguishes the species from other representatives of the family. Females have larger sizes compared to males and they gain weight faster. The fecundity of the species was determined for the first time; the average number of mature oocytes was 2950 psc. During a low-water period, callanoid copepods of the family Pseudodiaptomidae mainly represented by Pseudodiaptomus dauglishi Sewell, 1932 were the main food items of T. tsukawakii.
REFERENCES
Burukovskii, R.N., On the food composition of the crab Lyphira perplexa Galil, 2009 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae) from Nha Trang Bay (South Vietnam), Izv. Kaliningtad. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2019, no. 53, pp. 40–50.
Da Cunha, P.L. and Antunes, M.M., Note on the occurrence of Callionymidae at the coast of Estoril (Portugal), Cybium, 2012, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 489–492. https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2012-363-010
Duka, L.A. and Sinyukova, V.I., Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu pitaniya lichinok i mal’kov morskikh ryb v estestvennykh i eksperimental’nykh usloviyakh (Guide to Studying the Nutrition of Larvae and Fry of Marine Fish under Natural and Experimental Conditions), Kiev: Nauk. Dumka, 1976.
Fancett, M.S. and Kimmerer, W.J., Vertical migration of the demersal copepod Pseudodiaptomus as a means of predator avoidance, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 1985, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90199-6
Farias, C., Ordines, F., García-Ruız, C., and Fricke, R., Protogrammus alboranensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Callionymidae), a new species of dragonet from the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean Sea, Sci. Mar., 2016, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 51–56. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04340.13A
Fricke, R., Callionymidae, in FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51), Rome: FAO, 1984, vol. 1. Version 04/2023. https://www.fao.org/3/ad468e/ad468e00.htm
Gibson, R.N. and Ezzi, I.A., Aspects of the biology of the spotted dragonet Callionymus maculatus Rafinesque-Schmaltz from the west coast of Scotland, J. Fish. Biol., 1979, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 555–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03646.x
Gonzales, B.J., Taniguchi, N., Okamura, O., and Machida, Y., Diet and feeding behavior of two dragonets, Calliurichthys japonicus and Repomucenus huguenini in Tosa Bay, Southern Japan, Fish. Sci., 1996, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 902–908. https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.62.902
Gonzales, B.J., Taniguchi, N., and Okamura, O., Spawning cycle of two dragonet species, Calliurichthys japonicus and Repomucenus huguenini, in Tosa Bay, Southern Japan, Ibid., 1997, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 15–21. https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.63.15
Harrington, M.E., Behavior patterns and sexual dimorphism in the spotted dragonet, Diplogrammus pauciradiatus (Pisces: Callionymidae), Bull. Mar. Sci., 1997, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 872–893.
Johnson, C.R., Biology and ecology of Callionymus belcheri (Pisces: Callionymidae), Copeia, 1972, vol. 1972, no. 3, pp. 461–470. https://doi.org/10.2307/1442917
Johnson, C.R., Biology of the dragonet, Callionymus kaianus moretonensis Johnson (Pisces: Callionymidae), Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 2008, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1973.tb01882.x
Li, X., Liu, J.P., Saito, Y., and Nguyen, V.L., Recent evolution of the Mekong Delta and the impacts of dams, Earth-Sci. Rev., 2017, vol. 175, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.10.008
Motomura, H. and Mukai, T., Tonlesapia tsukawakii, a new genus and species of freshwater dragonet (Perciformes: Callionymidae) from Lake Tonle Sap, Cambodia, Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw., 2006, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 43–52.
Ng, H.H. and Rainboth, W.J., Tonlesapia amnica, a new species of dragonet (Teleostei: Callionymidae) from the Mekong Delta, Zootaxa, 2011, vol. 3052, no. 1, pp. 62–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3052.1.3
Sadovy, Y., Mitcheson, G., and Rasotto, M.B., Early development of the mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus (Callionymidae), with notes on its fishery and potential for culture, Aquarium Sci. Conserv., 2001, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013168029479
Tran, D.D., Shibukawa, K., Nguyen, T.P., et al., Fishes of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Can Tho: Can Tho Univ. Publ. House, 2013).
Walter, T.C., New and poorly known Indo-Pacific species of Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida), with a key to the species groups, J. Plankton Res., 1986, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/8.1.129
Zhdanova, S.M., Prusova, I.Yu., and Tsvetkov, A.I., Zooplankton of the lower reaches of the Mekong River, Tez. dokl. IV shkoly-konf. po sistematike i faunistike vetvistousykh rakoobraznykh (Cladocera) (Abstr. IV School–Conf. on Taxonomy and Faunistics of Cladocera Crustaceans), Moscow: Inst. Probl. Ekol. Evol. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2021, pp. 8–9, Version 04/2023. https://sev-in.ru/sites/default/files/2021-07/Glubokoe.pdf.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the colleagues from the Southern Branch of the Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center for comprehensive assistance in conducting research. We thank I.Yu. Prusova, an employee of the Institute of Biology of the Sourthern Seas for assistance in identifying food items.
Funding
The study was carried out within the framework of the theme Ecolan E-3.4 “The ecosystem of the Mekong River in the conditions of global climate change and anthropogenic impact” and partly within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, no. FNNZ-2024-0027 “Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE
Animal-related experiments were conducted in accordance with the NIH Guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (http://oacu.od.nih.gov/regs/index.htm). Animal protocols were approved by the Bioethics Comission of Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia (Protocol № 2/23 of August 24, 2023).
Additional information
Translated by N. Ruban
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karpova, E.P., Chesnokova, I.I., Vdodovich, I.V. et al. Features of Biology of Tonlesapia tsukawakii (Actinopterygii, Callionymidae) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. J. Ichthyol. 64, 99–107 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945224010028
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945224010028