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Evolutionary Stability of Gene Regulatory Networks That Define the Temporal Identity of Neuroblasts

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Abstract

The ensemble of gap genes is one of the best studied and most conserved gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Gap genes, such as hunchback (hb), Krüppel (Kr), pou-domain (pdm; pdm1 and pdm2), and castor (cas) genes belong to the well-known families Ikaros (IKZF1/hb), Krüppel-like factor (KLF/Kr), POU domain (BRN1/pdm-1, BRN2/pdm-2), and Castor homologs (CASZ1/cas), which are present in all vertebrate genomes and code for site-specific transcription factors. Gap genes form a core of an embryonic segmentation control subnetwork and define the temporal identity of neuroblasts in Drosophila embryos. The key gene regulatory mechanisms whereby the gap genes govern segmentation and neurogenesis are similar. Moreover, the gap genes are evolutionarily conserved in terms of their function as a core of the temporal specification GRN during neurogenesis in vertebrates, including humans. A problem of special interest is to understand the extent of conservation for the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulatory functions of the gap genes. The problem is especially important because human orthologs of the gap gens are crucial for many pathophysiological processes, including tumor growth suppression.

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Notes

  1. Spatial patterning in embryogenesis is defined as the establishment of gene expression patterns in the entire embryo or its part. The factors expressed from the genes are involved in regulating the subsequent cell differentiation and morphogenetic movements.

  2. Spatial patterning in neurogenesis is the generation of heterogeneous neuronal precursor cells on the basis of their spatial positions in the developing nervous system.

  3. Temporal patterning in neurogenesis is the generation of certain neuronal descendants in response to developmental stage-specific signals. The signals include all of the factors (temporal specification and switching factors) that determine the daughter cell fate based on the time when the cell arises.

  4. A time window is a period of time (usually short) when a particular embryogenetic event takes place within a particular developmental stage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. V. Spirov

  2. Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia

    E. M. Myasnikova

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  1. A. V. Spirov
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  2. E. M. Myasnikova
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Correspondence to E. M. Myasnikova.

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Translated by T. Tkacheva

Abbreviations: VNC, ventral nerve cord; GRN, gene regulatory network; NB, neuroblast; TF, transcription factor; GMC, ganglion mother cell; CNS, central nervous system.

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Spirov, A.V., Myasnikova, E.M. Evolutionary Stability of Gene Regulatory Networks That Define the Temporal Identity of Neuroblasts. Mol Biol 53, 198–211 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893319020158

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893319020158

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