Abstract—
A technique is proposed for carrying out flight calibration of a photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of the photodetector in the orbital TUS detector of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the absence of a calibration signal. The new technique consists in calculating two statistical characteristics of digitized signals from detected events (their mean value A and variance \(\sigma _{A}^{2}\)) and constructing the linear approximation \(\sigma _{A}^{2}\)(A) for stationary signals. This technique has been tested in a laboratory experiment with a photodetector module, which is identical to the modules used in the detector. As a result, the gains of most photodetector channels of the TUS detector have been estimated again and the changes that occurred (in particular, the “aging effect”) have been analyzed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
We will use index f (fluctuation) to distinguish the gain obtained in this way from the direct calibration (1).
REFERENCES
Adams, J.H., Jr., Ahmad, S., Albert, J.-N., Allard, D., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Aramo, C., Asano, K., Ave, M., Barrillon, P., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Belenguer, T., et al., Astropart. Phys., 2013, vol. 44, p. 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.008
Benson, R. and Linsley, J., Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference, Paris, 1981, vol. 8, p. 145.
Khrenov, B.A., Panasyuk, M.I., and Alexandrov, V.V., Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2001, vol. 566, p. 57.
Khrenov, B.A., Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl., 2002, vol. 113, p. 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(02)01830-3
Abrashkin, V., Alexandrov, V., Arakcheev, Y., Bitkin, E., Cordero, A., Eremin, S., Finger, M., Garipov, G., Grebenyuk, V., Kalmykov, N., Khrenov, B., Koval, V., Martinez, O., Matyushkin, A., Moreno, E., et al., Adv. Space Res., 2006, vol. 37, p. 1876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.095
Hamamatsu R1463 Photomultiplier Tube Datasheet. https://www.hamamatsu.com/resources/pdf/etd/R1463_ TPMH1349E.pdf.
Klimov, P.A., Panasyuk, M.I., Khrenov, B.A., Garipov, G.K., Kalmykov, N.N., Petrov, V.L., Sharakin, S.A., Shirokov, A.V., Yashin, I.V., Zotov, M.Y., Biktemerova, S.V., Grinyuk, A.A., Grebenyuk, V.M., Lavrova, M.V., Tkachev, L.G., et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2017, vol. 8, p. 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0403-3
Khrenov, B.A., Klimov, P.A., Panasyuk, M.I., Sha-rakin, S.A., Tkachev, L.G., Zotov, M.Yu., Biktemerova, S.V., Botvinko, A.A., Chirskaya, N.P., Eremeev, V.E., Garipov, G.K., Grebenyuk, V.M., Grinyuk, A.A., Jeong, S., Kalmykov, N.N., et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2017, vol. 2017, p. 006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/09/006
Klimov, P., Khrenov, B., Kaznacheeva, M., Garipov, G., Panasyuk, M., Petrov, V., Sharakin, S., Shirokov, A., Yashin, I., Zotov, M., Grebenyuk, V., Grinyuk, A., Lavrova, M., Tkachenko, A., Tkachev, L., et al., Remote Sens., 2019, vol. 11, no. 20, p. 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202449
Khrenov, B.A., Garipov, G.K., Kaznacheeva, M.A., Klimov, P.A., Panasyuk, M.I., Petrov, V.L., Sharakin, S.A., Shirokov, A.V., Yashin, I.V., Zotov, M.Yu., Grinyuk, A.A., Grebenyuk, V.M., Lavrova, M.V., Tkachev, L.G., Tkachenko, A.V., et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2020, vol. 2020, p. 033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/033
Funding
This work was supported by the State Corporation Roscosmos and the Fundamental and Applied Space Research Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of the Moscow State University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by N. Goryacheva
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klimov, P.A., Sigaeva, K.F. & Sharakin, S.A. Flight Calibration of the Photodetector in the TUS Detector. Instrum Exp Tech 64, 450–455 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441221030192
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441221030192