Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seismic Factor in the History of the Belinskoe Settlement (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

  • Published:
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article is devoted to seismic deformations in the walls of the ancient structures of the settlement of Belinskoe on the Kerch Peninsula, a frontier fortress and city in the Bosporan Kingdom. One distinctive feature of this work is its combination of a field survey of the archaeological ruins of the ancient fortress, the study of archival archaeological materials, and field geophysical works in the territory of the fortress and its immediate surroundings. As a result of the similar—and in many respects unique for Crimean archeology—combined methods of field archeology, archaeoseismology, paleoseismology, seismotectonics, and geophysics, a complex seismic history of the site is revealed and previously unknown earthquakes are described, some of which are dated with an accuracy of half a decade. The archeological monument and the area around it have experienced a total of at least three catastrophic earthquakes. The first one with intensity IL ≥ IX on the MSK-64 scale occurred before the construction of the fortress (no earlier than the beginning of the 2nd century); its epicentral area was in the territory and in the area of the site. The second earthquake, with intensity IL ≥ IX MSK-64, occurred in the third quarter of the 3rd century. The settlement of Belinskoe was in the epicenter of the earthquake. It occurred either immediately after the destruction of the fortress during war at the end of the first construction period or it created the prerequisites for a military disaster. The third earthquake dates between 318 and 322 and coincides with the end of the second construction period of the settlement. The territory of the monument was in its epicentral area. The earthquake magnitude was M = 7.0(±0.5) and the intensity was IL ≥ IX MSK-64. This data can be used for a new assessment of the seismic hazard of the Crimean Peninsula.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19.
Fig. 20.
Fig. 21.
Fig. 22.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Aleinikova, P.K. and Samuleva, V.I., Geological Map of the USSR, Scale 1 : 200 000, Ser. Crimea, Sheet L-37-XIX/XXV, Muratov, M.V., Ed., Kiev: Kievgeologiya, 1970.

  2. Blavatskii, V.D., The earthquake of 63 BCE in the Kerch Peninsula, Priroda, 1977, no. 8, pp. 56–57.

  3. Bune, V.I. and Medvedeva, N.S., Evaluation of the magnitude of the earthquake of 63 BCE in the Kerch Strait, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Zemli, 1990, no. 3, pp. 61–63.

  4. Burbank, D.W. and Anderson, R.S., Tectonic Geomorphology, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Edemskii, D.E., Popov, A.V., Prokopovich, I.V., Degterev, A.V., and Rybin, A.V., History of georadar sounding of the soil and pyroclastic cover of the southeastern part of the Matua Island (Kuril Islands), Vestn. Kamchatskoi Reg. Assots. Uchebno-Nauchnyi Tsentr, Nauki Zemle, 2018, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 69–81.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Edemskii, D.E., Tumskoi, V.E., and Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Georadar sounding of deposits within a degrading polygonal microrelief in the Arctic, Kriosfera Zemli, 2021, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 55–69.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Edemsky, D., Popov, A., and Prokopovich, I., Geophysical survey of Tunnug mound periphery, Tuva, Russia, J. Appl. Geophys., 2021, vol. 189, no. 14, p. 104326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Florensov, N.A., Ocherki strukturnoi geomorfologii (Outlines of Structural geomorphology), Moscow: Nauka, 1978.

  9. Goncharov, M.A., Talitskii, V.G., and Frolova, N.S., Vvedenie v tektonofiziku (Introduction to Tectonophysics), Moscow: KDU, 2005.

  10. Kopeikin, V.V., Morozov, P.A., Edemskiy, F.D., Edemskiy, D.E., Pavlovskii, B.R., and Sungurov, Yu.A., Experience of GPR application in oil-and-gas industry, in Proc. of the 14th Int. Conf. on Ground Penetrating Radar, Shanghai: China, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 817–819.

  11. Korpus bosporskikh nadpisei (Corpus of Bosporus Inscriptions), Struve, V.V., et al., Eds., Moscow–Leningrad: Nauka, 1965.b

  12. Korzhenkov, A.M., Lar’kov, A.S., Marakhanov, A.V., Molev, E.A., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Rogozhin, E.A., and Khrshanovskii, V.A., Traces of strong earthquakes in fortress walls of the antic city of Kitei in the Kerch Peninsula, in Elita Bospora i Bosporskaya elitarnaya kul’tura: Materialy Mezhdunar. kruglogo stola (The Bosporus Elite and Its Culture: Proceedings of International Round Table), St. Petersburg: Palatstso, 2016a, pp. 272–281.

  13. Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., and Lar’kov, A.S., Seismic deformations in the ancient city of Ilurat, Priroda, 2016b, no. 10, pp. 30–38.

  14. Korzhenkov, A.M., Lar’kov, A.S., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., and Sokolova, O.Yu., Traces of strong earthquakes in ruins of the Bosporus city of Nymphea, Bospor. Issled., 2018a, vol. 37, pp. 111–138.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Lar’kov, A.S., Marakhanov, A.V., Rogozhin, E.A., and Sudarev, N.I., Traces of strong earthquakes in the settlement of Mikhailovskoe (the Kerch Peninsula, Crimea), Drevnosti Bospora, 2018b, vol. 22, pp. 115–132.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Lar’kov, A.S., and Zin’ko, V.N., Traces of strong earthquakes in the ancient settlement of Tiritaka in Eastern Crimea, Bospor. Issled., 2019a, vol. 38, pp. 137–159.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Fedoseev, N.F., and Lar’kov, A.S., The system of deformation of building structures in the Greek archeological monument “Hospital” (Kerch, Crimea), Geol. Geofiz. Yuga Rossii, 2019b, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 135–149.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Korzhenkov, A.M., Maslennikov, A.A., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Lar’kov, A.S., and Rodina, S.N., Traces of seismic disasters in ruins of farmland complexes of IV–III centuries BCE in the Azov Sea region of the Crimea, Probl. Istor., Filol., Kul’t., 2020, no. 3, pp. 49–76.

  19. Molev, E.A., Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., and Larkov, A.S., Potential traces of earthquakes in the ancient city of Kytaia, Kerch Peninsula, Crimea, Geod. Geodyn., 2019, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 331–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nappi, R., Paoletti, V., D’Antonio, D., Soldovieri, F., Capozzoli, L., Ludeno, G., Porfido, S., and Michetti, A.M., Joint interpretation of geophysical results and geological observations for detecting buried active faults: The case of the “Il Lago” plain (Pettoranello del Molise, Italy), Remote Sens., 2021, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1555–1558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Shvarev, S.V., Lar’kov, A.S., and Marakhanov, A.V., Traces of strong earthquakes of the Kerch–Taman region according to geological data, Vopr. Inzh. Seismol., 2015, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 33–54.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Korzhenkov, A.M., Lar’kov, A.S., Marakhanov, A.V., and Rogozhin, E.A., New findings on the sources of strong earthquakes in Kerch Peninsula based on paleoseismological data, Dokl. Earth. Sci., 2017, vol. 472, no. 1, pp. 53–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Vakarchuk, R.N., Korzhenkov, A.M., Lar’kov, A.S., Sysolin, A.I., Rogozhin, E.A., and Marakhanov, A.V., Active faults in the Kerch Peninsula: New results, Dokl. Earth. Sci., 2019a, vol. 488, no. 2, pp. 1152–1156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Korzhenkov, A.M., Maslennikov, A.A., Vakarchuk, R.N., Lar’kov, A.S., and Sysolin, A.I., The traces and chronology of the strong historical earthquakes on Cape Zyuk, East Crimea, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2019b, no. 4, pp. 657–676.

  25. Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Korzhenkov, A.M., Lar’kov, A.S., Butanaev, Yu.V., Marakhanov, A.V., and Rogozhin, E.A., Traces of strong earthquakes in walls of the ancient town of Myrmekion, Eastern Crimea, Seism. Instrum., 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 500–534. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0747923921050054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Paleoseismology, McCalpin, J.P., London: Elsevier, 2009.

  27. Rogozhin, E.A., Ocherki regional’noi seismotektoniki (Outlines of Regional Seismotectonics), Moscow: IFZ RAN, 2012.

  28. Rukavishnikova, I.V., Dvurechenskaya, N.D., Dvurechenskii, O.V., Alekseev, A.V., and Fedoseev, N.F., Studies of the Hospital-1 settlement in Kerch, Crimea, in Tavrida. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Krymu v 2017–2018 gg.: K 100-letiyu rossiiskoi akademicheskoi arkheologii (Taurida. Archeological Studies in the Crimea in 2017–2018: Toward the 100-Year Anniversary of the Russian Academic Archeology), Moscow: Inst. arkheologii RAN, 2019, vol. 1, pp. 63–74.

  29. Trifonov, V.G. and Kozhurin, A.I., Study of active faults: Theoretical and applied implications, Geotectonics, 2010, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 510–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Vinokurov, N.I. and Nikonov, A.A., On traces of antic earthquakes in the west of the European Bosporus, Ross. Arkheol., 1998, no. 4, pp. 98–113.

  31. Vinokurov, N.I., Korzhenkov, A.M., and Rodkin, M.V., Assessment of the seismic hazard of the Kerch Strait region according to archeoseismological data, Vopr. Inzh. Seismol., 2015, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Vladov, M.L. and Starovoitov, A.V., Vvedenie v georadiolokatsiyu: Ucheb. posobie (Introduction to Georadiolocation: A Study Guide), Moscow: MGU, 2004.

  33. Voronin, A.Ya., Criteria for identifying the structure and functional features of the soil profile in georadar studies with the help of the LOZA-V georadar, Byull. Pochv. Inst. im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2015, no. 80, pp. 106–128.

  34. Wells, D.L. and Coppersmith, K.J., New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1994, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 974–1002.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Yartsev, S.V., Severnoe Prichernomor’e v rimskii period i problema gotskoi ekspansii (The Northern Black Sea Region in the Times of the Roman Empire and the Problem of Gothic Expansion), Tula: TGPU im. L.N. Tolstogo, 2014.

  36. Yartsev, S.V., Zubarev, V.G., and Butovskii, A.Yu., Greko–varvarskii Krym v period pozdnei antichnosti (III–IV vv. n.e.: ot morskikh pokhodov do bitvy pri Adrianopole) (The Greek–Barbarian Crimea in Late Antiquity (III–IV centuries CE: From Marine Campaigns to the Adrianopole Battle)), Tula: TGPU im. L.N. Tolstogo, 2015.

  37. Zubarev, V.G., The antic settlement near the village of Belinskoe: Preliminary results of excavations in 1996–1999, Drevnosti Bospora, 2000, no. 10, pp. 63–77.

  38. Zubarev, V.G. and Sedykh, E.E., Planning and main stages of the housing development of the Belinskoe settlement from the II century to the first half of V century CE, Bospor. Issled., 2013, no. 28, pp. 250–274.

  39. Zubarev, V.G. and Smekalov, S.L., The cultural and historical landscape of the Belinskoe settlement, Drevnosti Bospora, 2014, no. 18, pp. 209–225.

  40. Zubarev, V.G. and Yartsev, S.V., Preliminary results and prospects of the archeological excavations in the eastern part of the Belinskoe settlement, in XX Bosporskie chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Osnovnye itogi i perspektivy issledovanii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii (Bosporus readings. Cimmerian Bosporus and the Barbarian World in Antiquity and Middle Ages. Main Results and Prospects of Studies), Zin’ko, V.N. and Zin’ko, E.A., Eds., Simferopol: Kerch’, 2019, pp. 241–249.

  41. Zubarev, V.G. and Yartsev, S.V., Round stone buildings in the Belinskoe settlement in Eastern Crimea, Drevnosti Bospora, 2020, vol. 25, pp. 155–175.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-12-00083.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tula State Pedagogical University, 300026, Tula, Russia

    V. G. Zubarev & S. V. Yartsev

  2. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142191, Troitsk, Russia

    D. E. Edemsky

  3. Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123995, Moscow, Russia

    A. M. Korzhenkov, A. S. Larkov, A. N. Ovsyuchenko & A. I. Sysolin

  4. OOO Citadel, 295011, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russia

    D. A. Moisieiev

Authors
  1. V. G. Zubarev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. V. Yartsev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. E. Edemsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. M. Korzhenkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. S. Larkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. A. Moisieiev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. A. N. Ovsyuchenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. A. I. Sysolin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. A. Moisieiev.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by O. Pismenov

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zubarev, V.G., Yartsev, S.V., Edemsky, D.E. et al. Seismic Factor in the History of the Belinskoe Settlement (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea). Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 58, 840–866 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433822080096

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433822080096

Keywords:

Search

Navigation