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Peptidergic signaling brain systems in diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

One of the key causes of development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is change in the functional activity of hormonal signaling systems regulated by hormones of different natures, as is shown by literature data and by the results of our study on animal models of DM and on human DM of types 1 and 2. The brain peptidergic systems regulated by melanocortin receptor agonists, neuropeptide Y, glucagon-like peptide-1, kisspeptines, and somatostatin, play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of DM. However, the data on interrelations between the functional state of these systems and the development of DM and its complications are scarce and contradictory. The changes in the peptidergic systems are usually the result of metabolic and functional disregulations caused by DM but in some cases may themselves become the cause of DM, as is shown in the case of the melanocortin signaling system. This review is focused on functioning of the brain peptidergic systems in DM and on the possible role of changes of their activity in development of the disease. The hypothesis of central genesis of type 2 DM, which based on data on the generation of insulin resistance and disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in response to changes of functional activity of the brain signaling systems regulated by neuropeptides, is discussed.

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Abbreviations

ALP:

aguti-like peptide

AC:

adenylyl cyclase

GLP-1:

glucagon-like insulinotropic polypeptide-1

GIP:

glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

IGF-1:

insulin growth factor-1

MR:

melanocortin receptors

α-MSH:

α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

NPY:

neuropeptide Y

POMK:

proopiomelanocortin

DM:

diabetes mellitus

PLC:

phospholipase C

PACAP-38:

pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide-38

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  1. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. O. Shpakov & K. V. Derkach

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  1. A. O. Shpakov
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  2. K. V. Derkach
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Correspondence to A. O. Shpakov.

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Original Russian Text © A.O. Shpakov, K.V. Derkach, 2012, published in Tsitologiya, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2012. pp. 733–741.

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Shpakov, A.O., Derkach, K.V. Peptidergic signaling brain systems in diabetes mellitus. Cell Tiss. Biol. 7, 212–220 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990519X13030115

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