Abstract
Influence of the Ge layer thickness and annealing conditions on the parameters of relaxed Ge/Si(001) layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy via two-stage growth is investigated. The dependences of the threading dislocation density and surface roughness on the Ge layer thickness, annealing temperature and time, and the presence of a hydrogen atmosphere are obtained. As a result of optimization of the growth and annealing conditions, relaxed Ge/Si(001) layers which are thinner than 1 μm with a low threading dislocation density on the order of 107 cm–2 and a root mean square roughness of less than 1 nm are obtained.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. I. Yakimov, A. V. Dvurechenskii, V. V. Kirienko, and A. I. Nikiforov, Phys. Solid State 47, 34 (2005).
A. Yakimov, V. Kirienko, V. Armbrister, and A. Dvurechenskii, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8, 217 (2013).
R. E. Camacho-Aguilera, Y. Sai, N. Patel, J. T. Bessette, M. Romagnoli, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, Opt. Express 20, 11316 (2012).
Yu. B. Bolkhovityanov and O. P. Pchelyakov, Phys. Usp. 51, 437 (2008).
S. M. Ting and E. A. Fitzgerald, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 2618 (2000).
M. E. Groenert, C. W. Leitz, A. J. Pitera, V. Yang, H. Lee, R. J. Ram, and E. A. Fitzgerald, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 362 (2003).
V. R. D’Costa, Y.-Y. Fang, J. Tolle, J. Kouvetakis, and J. Menendez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 107403 (2009).
S. Wirths, R. Geiger, N. von der Driesch, G. Mussler, T. Stoica, S. Mantl, Z. Ikonic, M. Luysberg, S. Chiussi, J. M. Hartmann, H. Sigg, J. Faist, D. Buca, and D. Grutzmacher, Nature Photon. 9, 88 (2015).
Yu. B. Bolkhovityanov, O. P. Pchelyakov, S. V. Sokolov, and S. I. Chikichev, Semiconductors 37, 493 (2003).
M. T. Currie, S. B. Samavedam, T. A. Langdo, C. W. Leitz, and E. A. Fitzgerald, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1718 (1998).
L. Colace, G. Mastini, F. Galluzzi, G. Assanto, G. Capellini, L. di Gaspare, E. Palange, and F. Evangelisti, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3175 (1998).
H.-C. Luan, D. R. Lim, K. K. Lee, K. M. Chen, J. G. Sandland, K. Wada, and L. C. Kimerling, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2909 (1999).
A. Nayfeh, C. On Chui, K. C. Saraswat, and T. Yonehara, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2815 (2004).
J. M. Hartmann, A. Abbadie, A. M. Papon, P. Holliger, G. Rolland, T. Billon, J. M. Fédéli, M. Rouvière, L. Vivien, and S. Laval, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5905 (2004).
T. H. Loh, H. S. Nguyen, C. H. Tung, A. D. Trigg, G. Q. Lo, N. Balasubramanian, D. L. Kwong, and S. Tripathy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092108 (2007).
J. M. Hartmann, A. Abbadie, N. Cherkashin, H. Grampeix, and L. Clavelier, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 24, 055002 (2009).
J. M. Hartmann, A. Abbadie, J. P. Barnes, J. M. Fedeli, T. Billon, and L. Vivien, J. Cryst. Growth 312, 532 (2010).
V. A. Shah, A. Dobbie, M. Myronov, and D. R. Leadley, Thin Solid Films 519, 7911 (2011).
M. Richter, C. Rosse, D. J. Webb, T. Topuria, C. Gerl, M. Sousa, C. Marchiori, D. Caimi, H. Siegwart, P. M. Rice, and J. Fompeyrine, J. Cryst. Growth 323, 387 (2011).
K. H. Lee, A. Jandl, Y. H. Tan, E. A. Fitzgerald, and C. S. Tan, AIP Adv. 3, 092123 (2013).
T. K. P. Luong, M. T. Dau, M. A. Zrir, M. Stoffel, V. leThanh, M. Petit, A. Ghrib, M. El Kurdi, P. Boucaud, H. Rinnert, and J. Murota, J. Appl. Phys. 114, 083504 (2013).
P. V. Volkov, A. V. Goryunov, A. Yu. Luk’yanov, A. D. Tertyshnik, A. V. Novikov, D. V. Yurasov, N. A. Baidakova, N. N. Mikhailov, V. G. Remesnik, and V. D. Kuz’min, Semiconductors 46, 1471 (2012).
L. Souriau, T. Atanasovac, V. Terzieva, A. Moussa, M. Caymax, R. Loo, M. Meuris, and W. Vandervorst, J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, H677 (2008).
M. Halbwax, D. Bouchier, V. Yam, D. Débarre, L. H. Nguyen, Y. Zheng, P. Rosner, M. Benamara, H. P. Strunk, and C. Clerc, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 064907 (2005).
G. A. Slack and S. F. Bartram, J. Appl. Phys. 46, 89 (1975).
G. Capellini, M. de Seta, P. Zaumseil, G. Kozlowski, and T. Schroeder, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 073518 (2012).
Y. H. Xie, G. H. Gilmer, C. Roland, P. J. Silverman, S. K. Buratto, J. Y. Cheng, E. A. Fitzgerald, A. R. Kortan, S. Schuppler, M. A. Marcus, and P. H. Citrin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3006 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © D.V. Yurasov, A.I. Bobrov, V.M. Daniltsev, A.V. Novikov, D.A. Pavlov, E.V. Skorokhodov, M.V. Shaleev, P.A. Yunin, 2015, published in Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, 2015, Vol. 49, No. 11, pp. 1463–1468.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yurasov, D.V., Bobrov, A.I., Daniltsev, V.M. et al. Impact of growth and annealing conditions on the parameters of Ge/Si(001) relaxed layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Semiconductors 49, 1415–1420 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782615110263
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782615110263