Abstract
A miniaturized, QuEChERS based, liquid–liquid extraction method followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed and validated for pesticide residues determination in water. Malathion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, chlorfenapyr, pyriproxyfen, λ-cyhalothrin, coumaphos and α-cypermethrin were selected for this study. The accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were evaluated. The recovery ranged from 85.3 to 107% with RSD ranging from 1.8 to 15.4%. The linearity showed reliable range (0.995–0.999). The limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 4 μg/L. Matrix effect was evaluated. The obtained results meet the European Commission standard legislations, implying that our method can be considered accurate and reproducible. The validated method was used to analyze river and well water samples. No residues of the investigated pesticides were detected in all collected water samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Espada, M.C.P., Liebanas, F.J.A., Frenich, A.G., and Vidal, J.L.M., Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1999, vol. 75, nos. 1-2, p. 165.
Espada, M.C.P., Frenich, A.G., Vidal, J.L.M., and Parilla, P., Anal. Lett., 2001, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 597.
Prestes, O.D., Friggi, C.A., Adaime, M.B., and Zanella, R., Quim. Nova, 2009, vol. 32, no. 6, p. 1620.
Kustera, M., Alda, M.L., and Barcelo, D., J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, vol. 1216, p. 520.
Barceló, D. and Hennion, M.C., Sample handling techniques (extraction and clean-up of samples), in Trace Determination of Pesticides and their Degradation Products in Water, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997, p. 249.
Frenich, A.G., Vidal, J.L.M., Espada, M.C.P., Garcia, M.D.G., and Arrebola, F.J., Chromatographia, 2000, vol. 52, nos. 9-10, p. 614.
Durand, G. and Barcelo, D., Talanta, 1993, vol. 40, no. 11, p. 1665.
Bruzzoniti, M.C., Sarzanini, C., and Mentasti, E., J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, vol. 902, p. 289.
Tankiewicz, M., Fenik, J., and Biziuk, M., Talanta, 2011, vol. 86, p. 8.
Baez, M.A., Navarro, S., and Solar, A., Bol. Soc. Chil. Quim. (1949–2002), 1999, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 217.
Purdesova, A., Hrouzkova, S., Andrascikova, M., Krascsenits, Z., and Matisova, E., Anal. Methods, 2013, vol. 5, no. 13, p. 3403.
Dadfarnia, S. and Shabani, A.M.H., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2010, vol. 658, p. 107.
Jeannot, M.A., Przyjazny, A., and Kokosa, J.M., J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, vol. 1217, no. 16, p. 2326.
Boyd-Boland, A.A., Madgic, S., and Pawliszyn, J.B., Analyst, 1996, vol. 121, no. 7, p. 929.
Pawliszyn, J., Solid-Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice, New York Wiley, 1997.
Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S.J., Stajnbaher, D., and Schenck, F., J. AOAC Int., 2003, vol. 86, no. 2, p. 412.
Lehotay, S.J., Mastovska, K., and Yun, S.J., J. AOAC Int., 2005, vol. 88, no. 2, p. 630.
Koesukwiwat, U., Lehotay, S.J., Miao, S., and Leepipatpiboon, N., J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, vol. 1217, no. 43, p. 6692.
Sinha, S.N., Vasudev, K., Vishnu, M., and Rao, V., Food Chem., 2012, vol. 132, no. 3, p. 1574.
Hou, X., Han, M., Dai, X.H., Yang, X.F., and Yi, S., Food Chem., 2013, vol. 138, no. 2, p. 1198.
López, M.G., Fussell, R.J., Stead, S.L., Roberts, D., McCullagh, M., and Rao, R., J. Chromatogr. A, 2014, vol. 1373, p. 40.
Yang, Y., Kong, W., Zhao, L., Xiao, Q., Liu, H., Zhao, X., and Yang, M., J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2015, vol. 974, p. 118.
Zeying, H., Wang, L., Peng, Y., Luo, M., Wang, W., and Liu, X., Food Chem., 2015, vol. 169, p. 372.
Brondi, S.H.G., de Macedo, A.N., Vicente, G.H.L., and Nogueira, A.R.A., Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2011, vol. 86, p. 18.
Shi, C., Wenjun, G., Jie, C., and Zhu, G., Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2010, vol. 84, p. 236.
Wu, X., Xu, J., Liu, X., Dong, F., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., and Zheng, Y., Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 2013, vol. 34, no. 3, p. 917.
Guidance document on analytical quality control and validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed, European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, SANCO/12571/2013, 2013.
Tomlin, C.D.S., The e-Pesticide Manual, Surrey British Crop Prot. Counc., 2000.
Mantzos, N., Karakitsou, A., Zioris, I., Leneti, E., and Konstantinou, I., Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2013, vol. 93, p. 1566.
de Sousa, F.A., Costa, A., de Queiroz, M., Tefilo, R., Neves, A., and de Pinho, G., Food Chem., 2012, vol. 135, p. 179.
MacDougall, D. and Crummett, B.W., Anal. Chem., 1980, vol. 52, no. 14, p. 2242.
Nile, Wikipedia. https://enwikipediaorg/wiki/Nile. Cited June 15, 2015.
Malhat, F. and Nasr, I., Am. J. Water. Res., 2013, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1.
Al-Salamah, I.S. and Nassar, I.N., J. Appl. Sci., 2009, vol. 9, no. 19, p. 3555.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdel Ghani, S.B., Hanafi, A.H. QuEChERS method combined with GC‒MS for pesticide residues determination in water. J Anal Chem 71, 508–512 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816050117
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816050117