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Methylation of miRNA genes and oncogenesis

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Abstract

Interaction between microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA of target genes at the posttranscriptional level provides fine-tuned dynamic regulation of cell signaling pathways. Each miRNA can be involved in regulating hundreds of protein-coding genes, and, conversely, a number of different miRNAs usually target a structural gene. Epigenetic gene inactivation associated with methylation of promoter CpG-islands is common to both protein-coding genes and miRNA genes. Here, data on functions of miRNAs in development of tumor-cell phenotype are reviewed. Genomic organization of promoter CpG-islands of the miRNA genes located in inter- and intragenic areas is discussed. The literature and our own results on frequency of CpG-island methylation in miRNA genes from tumors are summarized, and data regarding a link between such modification and changed activity of miRNA genes and, consequently, protein-coding target genes are presented. Moreover, the impact of miRNA gene methylation on key oncogenetic processes as well as affected signaling pathways is discussed.

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Abbreviations

BC:

breast cancer

CC:

colon cancer

CLL:

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

EMT:

epithelial-mesenchymal transition

miRNA:

microRNA

NSCLC:

non-small cell lung cancer

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia

    V. I. Loginov & E. A. Braga

  2. Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia

    V. I. Loginov & E. A. Braga

  3. Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 117545, Moscow, Russia

    S. V. Rykov

  4. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971, Moscow, Russia

    M. V. Fridman

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  1. V. I. Loginov
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  2. S. V. Rykov
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  3. M. V. Fridman
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  4. E. A. Braga
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Correspondence to E. A. Braga.

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Original Russian Text © V. I. Loginov, S. V. Rykov, M. V. Fridman, E. A. Braga, 2015, published in Biokhimiya, 2015, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 184–203.

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Loginov, V.I., Rykov, S.V., Fridman, M.V. et al. Methylation of miRNA genes and oncogenesis. Biochemistry Moscow 80, 145–162 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297915020029

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297915020029

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