With the continuous improvement of the theory and method of gear measurement, the effectiveness of gear contact measurement is reduced, making it difficult to meet the need for 100% gear detection. To improve the measurement efficiency and make effective use of the full tooth surface data, a gear pitch rapid measurement method by point laser sensor is proposed. This method studies the principle of measuring the gear based on a laser point sensor, and the efficient model of collection and analysis of tooth surface data is established. Then the evaluation of the pitch deviation is completed, including the individual single pitch deviation, the single pitch deviation, the individual cumulative pitch deviation, and the total cumulative pitch deviation. Additionally, the pitch deviation of the multiple cross-sections is investigated, which may characterize the overall pitch deviation of the tooth surface. Compared to the gear measuring center P26, the experimental results show that the optical measurement of pitch deviation is feasible and efficient. Depending on the different measuring conditions, the offset status of the sensor can be selected to meet the different efficiency and accuracy requirements. The research and application potential of a point laser sensor in gear measurement is wide-ranging.