Four cases of extremely premature infants with esophageal atresia (Gross C type) were managed by esophageal banding using a silastic tape. Three cases died. In one case who died on the 44th postoperative day no histological changes were found at the banded portion of the esophagus at autopsy. A female infant with birth weight of 1,190g was successfully managed by esophageal banding for a period of 10 months until anastomosis of the esophagus and removal of the banding tape were safely performed. At present she is 2 yrs old. An esophagogram shows no significant narrowing at the site of esophageal banding.