Epiphenomenon such as superinfection and opportunistic infection, which were caused by administration of broadened spectrum antibiotics, makes it difficult to treat infectious disease. Considering that superinfection often occurs in intestinal flora, the change in intestinal flora by administration of antibiotics in clinical cases was discussed. Also the relation between the frequency of superinfection in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and the fluctuation of bacteriae in feces by administration of antibiotics was discussed.
The results were as follows:
1) No change in the number of organisms was observed by administration of Cephalothin (CET).
2) By administration of Ampicillin (ABPC), a remarkable decrease in ABPC sensitive St. faecalis and Clostridium was observed. On the other hand, no change was observed in the number of other kinds of bacteria. By administration of Cefazolin (CEZ), no change was observed in thenumber of organisms except for a decrease in E. coli.
3) By administration of Cephems such as Cefmetazole (CMZ), Latamoxef (LMOX) and Cefmenoxime (CMX), a remarkable decrease was observed from 3rd-4th day in all kinds of organisms except for St. facealis and Yeast. Especially by administration of CMX, only St. faecalis was detected. Viable cell count of anaerobic bacteria, especially the Clostridium group, returned to the previous level soon after the discontinuance of Cephems. As for cell count of aerobic bacteria, especiallyE. coli, it returned slowly.
4) Diarrhea was often observed during the administration of Cephems, and it never stopped until the administration of Cephems was discontinued, especially in infants cases. From this result, it can be considered that the relation between diarrhea and the change in intestinal florais very close.
5) Frequency of super-infection occurring during antibiotics therapy of UTI was discussed from the investigation of 38 patients during the period of 5 years. The results were the following: 0/16 by administration of CET and Aminoglycosides, giving few influence on intestinal flora. On the other hand, 2/10 (20%), 0/2, 4/11 (36%) by administration of ABPC, CEZ and Cephems, respectively. The results suggest that superinfection occurs more frequently during the administration of antibiotics, which give much influence on intestinal flora.