ISBN: 978-80-7509-905-1 | ISBN online: 978-80-7509-904-4 | DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4
Public recreation and landscape protection – with environment hand in hand? vol: 14
9.–11. 5. 2023 Křtiny
- Jitka Fialová (Ed.)
Published: 2023, online: 2023, publisher: Mendel University in Brno
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Conference papers
ADOLESCENTS’ SMARTPHONE USAGE IN ACTIVE RECREATION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Stanislav Azor, Michal Marko, Štefan Adamčák
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0009
In today’s society, smartphone usage in active recreation (natural environment) is somewhat controversial because some believe that smartphones promote an access to resources; however, some believe that smartphones distract attention from environment; therefore, the present study aims at determining adolescents’ smartphone usage in active recreation and natural environment. An instrument of survey (non-standardized) was carried out six months (January – June, 2022) through an intentional sampling of survey group size of 2108 (100%) adolescent boys and girls: (i) Urban adolescent boys and girls (42.50%, n = 896); (ii) Rural adolescent boys and girls (57.50%, n = 1212), aged 18.50 ± .40 years. Statistics (e.g., descriptive, inferential) was used to analyze and compare the data. When considering the adolescents’ smartphone usage, on average, 45.00% (n = 949) of survey group spent 1 – 3 hours of using smartphones and about 38.32% (n = 808) of survey group spent time using smartphones in active recreation (natural environment). About 4.80% (n = 102) of survey group spent time using specific, recreation apps (e.g., Geocaching, GeoCaches). Increasing the physical activity is necessary; therefore, smartphone usage (recreation apps) may increase time spent in active recreation and influence physical activity levels of adolescents.
ASSESSMENT OF EXTREME LONG-TERM METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN THE NORTHERN PART OF SERBIA
Martina Zeleňáková, Milan Gocić, Hany Farhat Abd-Elhamid, Mladen Milanović, Tatiana Soľáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0014
The need to quantify and assess the extreme precipitation deficit is increasing due to climate changing. Long-term precipitation deficits result in the spread of drought to other spheres: hydrosphere and lithosphere, and this leads to negative effects on biodiversity (fauna and flora) as well as human activities such as reduction of electricity production, prevention or elimination of recreational and tourism activities. This paper deals with the assessment of long-term meteorological drought in 5 synoptic stations in the northern part of Serbia. Standardized Precipitation Index was computed in 12-month time scales for identification of extreme meteorological drought for a reference period from 1946 to 2021. The main characteristics of the meteorological drought and relative drought frequency are calculated. The most serious extreme long-term meteorological drought was recorded mainly in 1948 and 2001. The average return period of extreme meteorological drought in the studied area is 11.8 years, but it is specific for each station separately.
AWARENESS OF SLOVAK TOURISTS ON POSSIBILITIES TO VISIT GEOSITES
Ľubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák, Lenka Varcholová, Michaela Podoláková, Silvia Palgutová, Csaba Sidor
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0020
The paper presents results of survey on the knowledge of possibilities to visit geosites in Slovakia. Geosites can be considered as the primary element of geotourism development. In this process, potential visitors play a key role. Therefore, it is important to know tourists' knowledge about such locations. Results show that Slovak tourists are not aware of the term geosite and do not use to visit such places nor search for information about geosites. Only 35,79% respondents replied that they visit geosites. In terms of sustainable geotourism development, significant revision of approach within geosite promotion, interpretation and tourism use is required.
BANK STABILIZATION – NON-TRADITIONAL WAYS OF USING VEGETATION - INCREASING RECREATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS
Miloslav Slezingr, Dana Košťálová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0024
Bank damage caused by deflation has appeared in nearly all world reservoirs. However, bank stabilization is mostly seen as a solution and implemented only when bank damage occurs. In this case, there is a unified scheme used - a stone bank toe is constructed and the (eroded) bank sloping is restored in place of the erosion wall. However, this paper presents another solution - a solution using breakwaters. One of their basic types is presented together with the diagram and the 3D model. The article also includes a proposal for an unconventional way of stabilizing the shore.
BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY: SACRAL MONUMENTS AS HABITATS FOR BIRDS
Ivo Machar, Helena Kiliánová, Vilém Pechanec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0027
Biocultural Diversity is considered as a new emerging scientific concept under assessment both historical and natural heritage in European cultural landscapes. This study provides an insight into the Biocultural Diversity concept in the practice. Results of the long-term research (2016-2018) on bird species nesting in unusual types of habitats – sacral monuments such as chapels and churches - indicated high importance of the Biocultural Diversity concept in holistic understanding to joining of historical value of sacral monuments with its significance for natural heritage maintaining in cultural landscapes of the study area Olomouc Archdiocese (Czech Republic).
CAMPING AND TRAMPING VERSUS CAMPING AND NATURE CONSERVATION
Antonín Tůma
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0031
Staying in a protected nature area in one place associated with stay features, such as pitching tents and shelters, preparing food, sleeping overnight, building fires and the associated waste production, can have a negative impact on the objects of nature conservation. In the Czech Republic, we are seeing an unprecedented increase in travelling with caravans and overnight stays in them outside official campsites in parking areas originally intended for day parking only, often without respecting the rules of nature conservation. Wild West-inspired camping, known as tramping, which has a long history in the Czech Republic, even contravenes the Czech Republic's nature protection legislation when it comes to staying in protected nature, and its future is in great doubt.
CAUSES OF OVERCOMING OVERTOURISM FAILURE IN CZECHIA
Emil Drápela
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0035
Overtourism is a phenomenon affecting destinations that are so popular that the sheer number of visitors to a destination causes problems. Several strategies have been used to mitigate the impact of overtourism, addressing both its manifestations and the root of the problem: too many tourists. However, when evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, we find that while strategies that aim to mitigate the effects of overtourism tend to be successful, strategies that try to reverse the trend of increasing numbers of tourists tend to be unsuccessful. Therefore, the paper examines why this is the case and compares the experience abroad with the situation in Czechia. The results show that one of the main reasons for the failure of the strategies is the different perceptions of the two main types of actors in the fight against overtourism: nature conservation authorities on the one hand and municipalities and destination agencies on the other. In some cases, the conflicting interests of these actors lead to inaction on overtourism, as one side usually blocks the other’s solutions. It is only when the situation is genuinely untenable that they find agreement. However, the most effective approach is to take action on the stage to prevent the emergence of overtourism.
ECOTOURISM IN AMAZONIAN ECUADOR – BOSQUE MEDICINAL PROJECT
Petr Jelínek, Michal Hegar, Martin Mrkvička
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0039
Bosque Medicinal was established in Ecuador to protect the rainforest. Its founder, Roman Kollar, who lives in Ecuador, set it up in 2018 and has since been raising money to save the tropical forests there. His organisation and its Czech partners, Forest Ink, buy up former farms with remnants of rainforest. The aim is to turn the pastureland back into a high-quality forest, and to protect forests that have not yet been damaged by cattle ranching. Although the organisation has an international focus, most of the volunteers who come to help are from the Czech Republic. Their holidays mean buying tickets to Ecuador and working for free on the farms they buy, restoring forest to the slopes of the Ecuadorian Amazon. In 2019, the UNIDA Consortium was formed, bringing together universities and associations in Europe and Latin America to to share knowledge about the Amazon and contribute to the conservation of the region's nature and traditions. Mendel University is a founding member, and the first group of students travelled to the Amazon in 2021 with the aim of collecting the basic data needed for the reforestation of farmland.
ERGONOMIC APPROACH IN TOURISM FOR VISITORS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, Osman Nuri Özdogan, Cihan Yilmaz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0045
The number of people with disabilities has been increasing as a result of ageing population, chronic health diseases and environmental factors such as accidents, natural disasters or conflicts. Disabled people make valuable part of community and their integration into society reflects the level of human development and public awareness. Social responsibility and human rights legislations support the improvement of tourism conditions for visitors with special needs resulting in hotel industry in accessible tourism policies including transport, accommodation, destinations and attractions appropriately meeting their needs. Ergonomic design should be preventive design. Sustainability is assured by ergonomic premises which are safe, pollution free, hygienic and nonhazardous. In ergonomics applications, functional efficiency privails and individuals are able to live in environment which is safe, convenient and healthy. The cooperation of builders, architects and ergonomics designers is essential. This paper presents results of research in hotel sector in Kusadasi, Turkey. The aim was to determine if the hotel facilities are provided to the disabled people, the perceptions of general guests about the disability and their accommodation in disabled rooms. Semi-structured interviews with hotel’s department managers were conducted in 9 hotels ranked as 4 and 5 star.
METHODOLOGICAL OPTIONS FOR EVALUATING OF THE LANDSCAPE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL
Daniela Smetanová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0050
The proposed methodology for evaluating of the landscape potential for recreation is grounded on the basic values of the territory, which make the area more attractive for visit in leisure time. For the purposes of the methodology, the landscape potential for recreation is the system of natural and cultural-historical elements of the area and its aesthetic values, which together create a harmonious complex, and can fulfill the ability of the landscape to provide opportunities for recreation. The proposed method of evaluating the potential for recreation was tested by the GIS on two chosen areas (the surrounding of the town Mladá Vožice in South Bohemia region and the surrounding of the town Mikulov in South Moravian region) and subsequently subjected to a critical assessment.
EXPLORING THE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF URBAN GAPS
Tímea Žolobaničová, Miroslav Čibik, Roberta Štěpánková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0057
In the process of continuous urbanization, planning errors sometimes appear. Urban structures are loosened, and places are created that do not have a clearly defined function. Empty spaces between two elements have several definitions and terms. One of them is vacant lot. Vacant lot, if they are not built up in a short period of time, they become “lost places” that are out of control and out of order and consequently create green chaos in the city. This brings a new diversity to the urban structure and the possibility of recreation near residential buildings. Vacant lots have become part of the city for many decades and many undeveloped plots of land create an oasis of greenery within the urban environment. People have started to visit such places spontaneously and use them for daily recreation. Often it is no longer possible to bring them back into the city system because people have become accustomed to the greenery in their surroundings and do not always want to exchange it for a new building or a parking lot. A gap full of greenery provides a lot of freedom for visitors to recreate, unlike a city park which is strictly regulated. In such places, animals and plants are beginning to appear in addition to people. Many plants and animals have a presence and a safe territory in the space until the gap is of interest to urban planners or developers. At that point, the chaos becomes an asset and conservation becomes a priority for its visitors. In city centres, there is an emergence of recreational potential that needs to be explored and redesigned through low-cost interventions in the urban environment. This reduces the costs of maintenance, and transport for recreation.
EXPLORING WHITE SPACES ON URBAN MENTAL MAPS
Miroslav Čibik, Tímea Žolobaničová, Roberta Štěpánková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0063
There are several definitions for the term “white spaces“, and none of them can be fully identified as explicit. This collocation is accompanied by multi-conceptuality, where the group of concepts can include terms such as urban voids, terrain vague, inner periphery, places between places or even weird places. Some of the definitions are closer linked to urban planning - undeveloped places situated in a standing continuous urbanism, which are intended for future development, where is the tendency to supplement the original building so the meaningful structure would be created again. This includes places of local memory loss such abandoned blocks, gap-sites, vacant lot, mid-blocks, innerblocks, micro spaces, courtyards, terraces, or gaps. White spaces can include specific, physical, and substantial urban places hidden under the layer of new structures. They often arise under unclear circumstances, where the cause is a poor-quality spatial planning process, or the forced, regulated, or random abolition of forgotten elements. Presented research will map such seemingly ordinary everyday spaces and review, examine, and confront diverse lost places in the city. Through several mapping methods and specific examples, the presented contribution will reveal how these places were created historically, how they are designed today, who they belong to, what functions they create in the city, or could have created, and what will happen to them in the future.
FOREST EDUCATION AS THE BASIS FOR CONSCIOUS USE OF ALL FOREST FUNCTIONS BY SOCIETY IN THE CELESTYNÓW FOREST DISTRICT
Kamil Żołądek, Róża Brytan, Artur Dawidziuk
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0067
The Celestynów Forest District covers areas located southwest of the Warsaw agglomeration. The forests in this area are a place for recreation, hiking and cycling for local residents, a habitat for biodiversity, as well as a workplace for many people and a source of eco-friendly raw material - wood. The forests of the Celestynów Forest District serve ecological, social, and economic functions, and the task of foresters is to reconcile all of them, ensuring their sustainability for future generations. To achieve this goal, the employees of the Celestynów Forest District conduct forest education, one of the main tasks of which is to increase awareness among society about sustainable forest use. Most of the educational activities conducted by foresters are focused at the Forest Education Center in Celestynów. The center offers natural science lessons, workshops, lectures, and educational events for children, youth, and adults about nature, forests, and forestry. Forest education, combined with play and direct experience of natural phenomena, facilitates learning and understanding of processes occurring in nature, and builds responsibility for the natural environment. A comprehensive approach, taking into account all ecosystem aspects and various social groups, allows for the effective promotion of sustainable use of all forest functions.
GREEN AREAS AND NATURAL POTENTIAL OF THE POLISH CITY OF CIESZYN IN THE OPINION OF RESIDENTS
Edyta Rosłon-Szeryńska
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0071
Cieszyn is located in the Silesian Voivodeship. It is a border town, divided into the Czech part on the west and the Polish part on the east bank of the Olza River. Cieszyn is characterized by specific physiographic features resulting from its location in an upland and hilly area, characterized by a strongly undulating platform at the foot of the Beskids, crossed by numerous ravines and watercourses in narrow valleys, which are tributaries of the Olza River. Although the city's forest cover is only 7%, and green areas cover 3% of the city's area, open areas, communal fields and meadows (45%) have great natural potential here. Natural areas, including protected areas and green areas of Cieszyn, were assessed. Opinions of residents about the nature of Cieszyn were surveyed. You included the results of scientific research and research for the valorization of greenery, and then you used and used it to develop the natural system and indications for the management of green areas of the city.
HEALTH VALUES OF FORESTS IN THE OPINION OF POLISH RESIDENTS
Emilia Janeczko, Małgorzata Woźnicka
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0079
Scientific evidence pointing to the therapeutic, health functions of forests has been growing recently. It has already been repeatedly proven that visits to nature contribute to the restoration and preservation of people's mental health, as well as stress reduction. With the growing scientific evidence of the therapeutic properties of the natural environment, the importance of the forest in promoting public health is increasing. Public awareness of the health-promoting importance of forests is also growing. The results of our research show that people are aware of the importance of forests for their health, noting that these benefits fall into both physical, mental and social well-being categories.
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF FESTIVALS IN GUIMARAS ISLAND, PHILIPPINES: ITS IMPLICATION TO TOURISM INDUSTRY GROWTH
Norie H. Palma, Jasmin T. Gadian, Josie H. Gaitano, Revenlie G. Galapin, Petr Kupec
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0083
This study was conducted to determine the different festivals in Guimaras and their significant contributions to the tourism industry through a qualitative-quantitative research design. The data were gathered from the people in the tourism industry in the province of Guimaras and in five municipalities in the province for the past five years using focused group discussion. Result of the study showed that there were festivals in the provincial, municipal and barangay levels. It also revealed that festivals in this island province contributed to its visitors’ arrival. Thus, tremendous increase in the number of local excursionists which ranked first is noted for the past five years. Local tourists ranked second, foreign excursionist ranked third and foreign tourists ranked fourth. When monthly arrivals are taken into consideration, the month of May ranked first, March ranked second, and April ranked third. Another contribution of festivals in the province was evident in its notably increasing agri-trade and tourism fair sales for the past five years.
HOW HIGH ARE THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL USE FROM THE NEWLY DESIGNATED PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AREA?
Jan Melichar, Petr Pavelčík, David Zahradník, Marek Banaš, Radim Misiaček, Jana Hamanová, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0088
In addition to preserving biodiversity, protected landscape areas provide many ecosystem services to society, including the wide range of opportunities for outdoor recreation. A number of studies have examined the recreation value and other economic benefits of protected areas designated in the past, however less work has been devoted to assessing the economic effects in the case that a large-scale protected area is newly established. This article aims to estimate the change in recreation demand and the resulting regional economic benefits for the Soutok region, i.e. the area where the Morava and Dyje rivers meet, if a protected landscape area of 139 km2 is declared here. In the study, the methods of visitor monitoring with non-market valuation methods and input-output analysis are combined to measure the shift in recreation demand and the resulting economic effects induced by this change.
HOW TO MEASURE AND USE NATURE-BASED RECREATION EFFECTS: EXAMPLE OF RESULTS FOR THE VLTAVA RIVER CASCADE
Kateřina Mácová, Jan Melichar, Vojtěch Havlíček, Martin Heřmanovský, Filip Strnad, Pavel Fošumpaur, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0093
Despite the long-term needs for research on benefits associated with recreation in nature-based areas that would be localized and methodologically sound, the evidence of such results is still very scarce at Czech and even at international level of tourism and recreation research, as well as in project evaluation practice. We strived for such results in a four-year interdisciplinary project "Recreational purposes of Vltava river cascade and its economic potential under the climate change". This contribution briefly presents the highlights of our results, the full set of results being publicly available at a web application https://shiny.fzp.czu.cz/kaskada-rekreace/ (in Czech language). Based on the results of the project, we demonstrate and discuss the particular uses of various socioeconomic indicators that have been estimated for the pilot site of the Vltava river cascade for communication with local stakeholders and regional to national decision-makers, for project/subsidy evaluation etc. This demonstration is relevant across disciplines such as water management, tourism, land management, nature protection etc.
HOW TO SUPPORT CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL AT THE SAME TIME
Jan Deutscher, Jana Smolíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0097
In recent years, planting trees to protect the climate has become very popular both in the world and here in the Czech Republic. The Paris Agreement in December 2015 and the resulting Nationally Determined Contributions significantly supported the need for the creation and improvement of carbon accounting methods for investments into the forest sector. Appropriately chosen and well-executed tree planting offers a natural, ecological, relatively cheap, and above all simple way to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere as well a number of other environmental benefits. One of these benefits is the positive effects on human well-being and landscape aesthetics both of which is commonly utilized to support recreational potential. However, understanding the financial value of environmental benefits (ecosystem functions) of natural ecosystems and woody vegetation has been an ongoing challenge that still limits the full utilization of close-to-nature landscape management up to this day. Here we show how carbon sequestration potential of individual trees can be evaluated which can in return serve as a motivation tool for conscious tree planting in the rural landscape during all steps of decision making process.
CHANGE OF THE WAY THAT LANDSCAPE IS USED AND IT IS EFFECT ON THE RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST POTENTIAL
Jan Szturc, Jan Prachowski, Jana Podhrázská, Petr Karásek, Josef Kučera
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0101
Dirt roads and footpaths together with landscape elements form a landscape mosaic. As the density of the dirt road network increases, the fragmentation of the landscape increases. The landscape is becoming more varied and, above all, more accessible, whether for the management of agricultural land or free tourism and recreation. This article deals with the analysis of the historical development of transport infrastructure on the example of the Vilémovice u Macochy model area - part of the Moravian Karst protected area. The Moravian Karst belongs to the most important karst areas in the Czech Republic and also in central Europe. The Macocha gorge, which is frequently visited by tourists is located in the area of interest. The territory is also crossed by the Moravskoslezská svatojakubská tourist Route and Srdcem jižní Moravy cycle Route. It is a popular tourist and recreational area. The density of the road network and its quality indicate the degree of recreational and tourist development of the region. The network of dirt roads in the open countryside has undergone significant changes in the last century. Unfortunately, the roads got in the way of this trend. This resulted in an inaccessible and impenetrable landscape. Recently, this trend is reversing and new dirt roads are being designed and implemented. These are mainly implemented as part of the land consolidation process. The newly realized roads serve to make land available for land owners, for agricultural production, transport and to make the landscape more accessible. Harmonious integration of existing and newly implemented dirt roads into the landscape is important, including the selection of appropriate.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPROVE RECREATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF DRIENOV, SLOVAKIA
Martina Zeleňáková, Natália Junáková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0106
Green infrastructure, as an often-used term in several political documents and strategies of the European Commission dealing with the protection of biodiversity, adaptation to climate change, protection of water resources and flood prevention, serves as a tool to ensure ecological, environmental, economic, social and urbanistic benefits through natural solutions. From a sociological point of view, green areas represent a landscape element with recreational potential in a residential environment. The task of green infrastructure is to connect individual areas of greenery at the level of cities, municipalities and in the open country. Together with the blue infrastructure, it provides various forms of benefit for the population in urban settlements and improves the quality of life. Green and blue infrastructure solutions are particularly important in the urban environment, where more than 60% of the EU population (and approx. 53% of the Slovakia population) lives. The contribution is focused on the design and subsequent implementation of green infrastructure elements in the village of Drienov, situated in the east of Slovakia in the Kosice Basin (Košická kotlina). The goal is to create infrastructure elements and objects that together will create a functional unit and improve the quality of life of people in the village. The goal can be fulfilled by creating several separate objects whose technical and social functions are interconnected. The results of this study are proposed elements as green areas made of semi-vegetated blocks, an underground tank, a rain garden in the exterior premises of the Drienov municipal office and a semi-vegetated retaining wall, which in the future would form a pleasant relaxation zone supplemented by trees, bushes, flowers and benches.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE NATURE OF FORESTRY AND WOOD ENTERPRISES IN LATVIA
Dastan Bamwesigye, Ingus Grinbergs, Amanda Puzule, Tīna Ķikule
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0111
Latvia has a significantly developed forestry sector, which accounts for the largest share of the state's income under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture. Latvian State Forests manages a forest area of 1.4 million hectares, but the total managed area reaches 1.6 million hectares. The Total turnover of Latvia's State forests in 2021 reached 405.3 million euros. Irrespective of the success of the forest sector in Latvia, the structure and organization suffer setbacks such as the imperfections such as misinformation and other poor practices to the forest owners that benefit wood-buying companies and other countries such as Sweden. Understing the Latvian forest sector's challenges could improve it to meet the sustainability aspects, private forest owner needs, and welfare in the forest business. We conducted and presented qualitative and exploratory studies on Latvian forests at the macro level. Moreover, the study demonstrates the implications of the nature of forestry and wood enterprises in Latvia as well as recommendations for forest sustainability.
INFLUENCE OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST WILD BOAR ROOTING
Jakub Drimaj, Marie Balková, Jakub Špoula, Jiří Kamler, Ondřej Mikulka, Radim Plhal, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0116
The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also actively searches for food sources. During this activity, it disturbs the soil surface, thereby significantly affecting the dynamics of the ecosystem. From an economic point of view, it limits the natural renewal of tree species, but from an ecological point of view, it changes habitat conditions and thus helps to increase biodiversity. Factors influencing the distribution of rooting across forest stands may be different. In this paper, we focused on the human factor and its influence on the rooting activity of wild boar in the Hodonínská Dúbrava, National natural monuments.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF SAPLINGS PLANTING FOR INCREASE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE LANDSCAPE
Luboš Staněk, Ladislav Zvěřina, Radomír Ulrich
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0119
The saplings extractor is intended primarily for replanting all types of seedling forest trees included a bale of soil without disturbing the root system. Trees growing along roads or already grown to a certain extent trees in the landscape are often need to be transplanted due to landscaping or urban planning. These trees can be used, for example, in popular tourist localities, where they can speed up the regeneration of the landscape and make visitors' stay more pleasant. However, this activities shouldn't be provided only manually, but some advanced technologies have to be used. The goal of this paper is presenting a new technology for mechanized planting using the production potential of the seedling trees. The principle of the saplings extractor lies in excavating a pit at the site that will be the subject of tree replanting, and then transplanting the pre-lifted up seedling forest tree into the prepared excavated pit. The last phase is to backfill the pit all around with soil from the excavated pit after the sapling was picked up. This paper emphasise the economic advantages of new technology and provides the saplings planting solutions in the form of landscaping, road tree rows or ornamental trees in an urbanized environment.
INTEGRATION OF NICHE AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM. CASE STUDY: WALNUT CULTURE IN ROMANIA AFTER 1990
Constantin-Răzvan Oprea, Roxana Cuculici, Iulian Săndulache
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0123
The study concerns walnut culture in Romania in the period 1990-2021. We considered the research useful because, in recent years, Romania had significant production at the European level. The walnut is a species of the tree protected by law, with ancient history in the Romanian landscape, reflected in toponymy and mentioned in medieval documents. Statistical data were used on the total number of trees per fruit and fruit production in tones. The analysis was carried out at the county level, making comparisons of the distribution of the percentages of the studied indicators. Although the total number of fruit trees registered a negative growth rate at the national level (-40%), for walnuts, the growth rate registered a very slight increase (+1%). In 2021, the largest number of trees will be found in Vâlcea County, which registers 5.85% of the total at the national level. In the same year, the lowest number of walnuts can be found in Ialomița County, with 0.09% of the national total. At the same time, walnut production at the national level registered a growth rate of +116%. The average value for each tree, obtained by calculation, increased at the level of Romania from 10 kg in 1990 to 30 kg in 2021. The results of this study highlighted, in the end, the importance of niche crops such as walnut culture in promoting Romanian traditions and rural tourism.
DESTINATION MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEM AND INTELLIGENT DESTINATION GUIDE FOR NATURAL DESTINATIONS
David Zejda, Martina Pásková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0130
As a meaningful contribution to digital transformation in the tourism industry aiming to harmonize the needs and preferences of visitors with nature protection, a comprehensive and scalable destination management support system has been designed and developed. It is based on principles of carrying capacity and applies a systemic approach to tourism and destination. In close cooperation with area experts from Broumovsko, Bohemian Paradise, Iron Mountains, and Bohemian Switzerland, multifaceted models of the territories have been constructed, including visitation monitoring time series, paths and routes, and other geographical data. It also includes an extensive interpretative dataset containing geolocalized semantically tagged photos and short texts in several languages, which has been created according to a developed methodology. The system aid participative destination management via readily available visualization of data coming from a variety of sources, including calculated predictions. Using the same models and data, flows of visitors can be influenced via a gamified mobile tour guide application. The main steps involved in implementing the system as well as its main characteristics are briefly described in the paper.
LANDSCAPE – ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL OF JANDURA PARK IN CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA: EXPERIENCE OF BILATERAL COOPERATION BETWEEN TWO UNIVERSITIES
Mária Bihuňová, Miroslav Čibik, Roberta Štěpánková, Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0135
In 2022, there was a possibility for the students of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia) to participate at the Landscape – Architectural proposal of Jandura park in Canberra, together with the students from The University of Canberra (Australia). Jandura Park is situated nearby to the suburbs O'Connor and Turner. It is named after Mr. Jan Jandura Puček, the first ‘non- British man’, who gain Australian Citizenship, at the first Australian citizenship ceremony at Canberra’s Albert Hall on 3 February 1949. He was born in 1914 in Habovka, Orava region in Slovakia. The cooperation between 2 universities was initiated by The Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Canberra. After 3 months of discussions 10 landscape architectural proposals of the park have been prepared. The posters were presented in the park and at The Embassy of SR in Canberra.
LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND INTEGRATION OF MINING LAKES INTO THE LANDSCAPE - OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS
Hedvika Psotová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0140
This paper looks at the revitalisation of large mining lakes and their effective integration into the landscape. It also gives concrete examples of how lakes can be used for landscape restoration, the creation of valuable habitates, environmental education or recreation.
LANDSCAPE-ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS AROUND THE RIVER VÁH IN SELECTED LOCALITIES IN THE SEREĎ CADASTRAL TERRITORY
Denis Bechera, Gabriel Kuczman, Miroslav Rusko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0144
In the past, the areas along the banks of the Váh River and their adjacent surroundings were important spaces for the recreation of the general public. The treated areas represent an important biotic component in the cultural type of landscape, in the warmest and driest region of Slovakia, with an emphasis on agricultural tradition. The article elaborates diverse ideas, attitudes and design solutions, with an emphasis on people's recreation, created by students of the Institute of Landscape Architecture from the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, which were commissioned for revitalization by the Slovak association Príroda. In terms of the research by design approach, the aim of the contribution is to define the key design principles that students apply in their design solutions.
LANDSCAPE-FRIENDLY METHOD OF FOUNDING WOODEN BUILDINGS FOR RECREATIONAL USE
Pavla Kotásková, Jitka Fialová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0149
When structures in the landscape based on concrete foundations are removed, the foundations are usually left in the ground, but the environment is degraded. The article focuses on the possibilities of foundations in the natural environment nowadays, when we can found buildings on earth screws. This is a way of founding buildings that will be more environmentally friendly. Using earth screws instead of concrete is a modern and eco-friendly option for founding a building or structure. They can also be used in terrain that is difficult to access. With the help of screws we can anchor an information board, a playground, a shelter, a fence, noise barriers, as well as footbridges and bridges or other wooden structures, e.g. even a modular wooden toilet building. If we decide to demolish or move the building, the screws can be unscrewed and the environment can remain intact. Another advantage is the speed of construction, compared to concrete foundations.
MANAGING CLOSE-TO-NATURE SHARED-USED RECREATIONAL TRAILS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Hana Hermová, Tomáš Kvasnička
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0154
In the legislative framework of the Czech Republic there are several user groups that have right of access to forest for recreation by law. These user groups are: pedestrians, cyclists, horse riders and skiers. They differ in their characteristics of their land use, demands for recreational infrastructure, and extent of the right of access. The extent of the right of access for different user groups has implications for the user flow through the areas of interest and more importantly for the formal recreational trails products. It is also one of the sources of the potential user-conflict. The solution in the Czech Republic has been blanket and general restrictions that are gradually tightening. However, this has no basis in current legislation and may even be in direct conflict with it. From the point of view of the future of forest recreation and nature protection in the Czech Republic it is also a very short-sighted fix. From a professional point of view, it is therefore necessary to look at the problem in a more comprehensive way. It is essential to implement and start using the full breadth of recreational management tools.
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF J. G: MENDEL AS PART OF A TOUR OF THE AUGUSTINIAN ABBEY
Jaroslav Rožnovský
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0158
Gregor Johann Mendel is known worldwide for establishing the genetic laws. What is less well known is that during his life he devoted far more time to meteorology. He started as an assistant to Dr. Olexíka, who performed meteorological measurements on the premises of the Hospital at St. Anna in Brno. G.J. Mendel independently carried out his measurements in the grounds of the Augustinian Abbey in Staré Brno from July 1878 to July 1883 as a meteorological observer of the Austrian Meteorological Services. He studied at the University of Vienna and used his knowledge of physics to process meteorological data, which was unusually extensive and graphically expressed for that time. His physically very expertly described tornado that occurred in Brno on October 10, 1870 is very well known. He supported the development of weather forecasts and and forecasts with specifically focused on agriculture. Part of the exposition in the Mendel Museum of the Masaryk University in Brno is dedicated to his meteorological activities. Visitors to the Abbey can familiarize themselves with the meteorological instruments located in the meteorological booth on the terrace. In the courtyard, there is a replica of the tin meteorological booth from the period of Mendel's measurements in its original place.
MID-FIELD WOODLOTS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR FORESTS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS - THE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM
Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz, Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Piotr Wisniewski
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0163
In vast agricultural areas, afforestation systems - mid-field, roadside, waterside and others - are a necessary "substitute" for former natural forest complexes. They contributed to preserving the ecological balance in areas intensely anthropogenically transformed centuries ago. Systemically introduced and constantly maintained, they bring many benefits for people and the environment - they fulfil several diverse functions - from biological and technical to aesthetic and social. Afforestation strongly impacts the climate, translating into economic efficiency in agricultural areas; it significantly reduces environmental pollution (phytoremediation); they have a biocenosis function (shaping specific biotopes); they positively affect landscape physiognomy. In Europe, the protection of landscape and natural resources is implemented through several legal acts at the level of EU legislation and individual countries. In 2020, the European Commission published a biodiversity strategy for protecting and restoring nature in the European Union by 2030. The document also refers to mid-field plantings because this issue remains at a different level in individual countries.
MONITORING THE MOVEMENT OF VISITORS IN THE TATRA NATIONAL PARK USING BATTERY-POWERED ONLINE COUNTERS
Ivos Gajdorus
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0169
Mapotic, in collaboration with Hardwario, has developed an innovative device for monitoring the movement of tourists and tracking environmental factors in the natural environment. The batterypowered, long-life devices are connected to the internet and allow for easy and quick collection, including in mountain locations and during extreme weather conditions. IoT (internet of things devices) can be connected via NB-IoT or satellite network and are capable of providing real-time data. It has been developed with low acquisition cost in mind and easy integration into various projects where there is a need to collect visitor or environmental data from natural sites. As a result, this allows for data driven decision making by operators to better manage tourism in the area, plan the development of hiking trails and overall help conservation.
MOUNTAIN RESCUE SERVICE - INEVITABLE HELP AT RECREATIONAL AND SPORT ACTIVITIES IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN SLOVAKIA
Matúš Jakubis, Mariana Jakubisová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0174
The article points out the importance of the activities of the Mountain Rescue Service (MRS) in cases of aid provision, which is necessary at recreational, tourist and various sports activities in the mountainous areas of the Slovak Republic. MRS as a national rescue organization was established on 1.12.1954. From 1 January 2003, the Mountain Rescue Service was established as a state budget organization, which, based on Act no. 577/2002 on MRS, is managed by the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. MRS is a part of the Integrated Rescue Systém of the SR. Due to the increasing number of visitors to the mountains and the development of recreational and sports activities in these areas, the number of accidents that require the intervention of the MRS is also increasing. Currently, MRS performs more than 2000 interventions annually. A large part of MRS interventions is carried out mainly in connection with difficult terrain and a high number of visitors. Currently, the MRS has a headquarters in Horný Smokovec in the High Tatras, 8 regional centers, an Avalanche Prevention Center in Liptovský Hrádok, an MRS Training Center in Liptovský Hrádok and an Information Center in Starý Smokovec (High Tatras). In 2022, MRS had 178 employees, of which 148 were rescuers.
NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS: “CULTURE” + “TRADITION” = EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES”. DOES IT MAKE SENSE?
Szczepan Kopeć, Paweł Staniszewski
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0179
Before man learned how to use wood as fuel, weapon or building material, he had used forest goods such as fruit, herbs, mushrooms etc. In the scientific literature, we can find many reports on their importance in culture and tradition. Their significance of forest goods in folk medicine is indisputable, but many of them, according to contemporary beliefs, had magical properties. People believed they were supposed to ensure happiness, prosperity, protect against diseases or even bring misfortune to another being. Many historical uses of these goods have been forgotten. The interest of societies in their history is currently increasing and they want to feel a connection with ancestors. They want to find out where superstitions and traditions prevailing in their country or family come from. Knowledge about non-wood forest products is a great opportunity to increase the awareness of societies about their history, but also to build awareness about the forest and nature. This paper presents an overview of selected non-wood forest products, highlighting their relationship with the folk tradition, but mainly in the context of forestry promotion - they can be an excellent element of forest education, and should also be included in the recreational management of the forest.
OLDER ADULTS AS A TARGET GROUP OF USERS OF GREEN AREAS IN PROJECTS OF THE WARSAW PARTICIPATORY BUDGET
Kinga Kimic, Paulina Polko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0184
Urban green areas, ensuring relaxation, contact with nature and social integration, play a key role in the health and well-being of people aged 60+. Older adults are one of the target groups of the Warsaw Participatory Budget (WPB) – a program under which city residents submit and vote for projects that improve the functioning of urban spaces. The study covered projects from 8 editions implemented in the years 2015-2022 in the Śródmieście district inhabited by many people aged 60+. The aim was to determine how often the submitted projects are addressed to these people as a target group in the urban greenery category in relation to other categories, both in the case of projects qualified for voting and winning projects. The results show that out of all 284 projects addressed to older adults qualified for voting, more than half (150) were selected. Among these projects, the urban greenery category accounted for 29.58%, and as much as 71.43% of the winning projects. This indicates the real needs of voters, including a significant need to take action to increase the availability and attractiveness of urban green areas for older adults.
PLANNING THROUGH A GIS THE POTENTIAL RECOVERY OF RURAL BUILDINGS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FORMS OF TOURISM HOSPITALITY
Pietro Picuno, Salvatore Margiotta
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0188
The results of the territorial analysis on an agricultural area located in the Province of Matera (Southern Italy) with significant historical and natural interest, (i.e., the “San Giuliano” protected area) are here reported. The study has been focused on the census of farm buildings and related rural infrastructures in this area, even though most of them are currently in a state of abandonment. Indeed, through their potential static and functional recovery - which appears technically feasible, given their intrinsic architectural and structural attributes – they would be re-considered, even owing to the progressively growing tourist vocation of this area, leaded by the attractive role that the City of Matera is currently playing. This analysis has been conducted through the implementation of a Geographical Information System (GIS), associated with detailed survey techniques and dendrochronology analysis of the existing wooden construction elements. Thus, it has been possible to conclude how an adequately supported process of analysis and planning of territory can reveal as a valid tool to be used in decision-making dynamics. This recovery and reuse process would be especially valuable, if conceived in a perspective of new fruition purposes, such as those leading to the achievement of an increased diffused tourist hospitality.
POSSIBILITIES AND ADVANTAGES OF INDIVIDUAL RECREATION IN THE TOPOĽČANY DISTRICT
Regina Mišovičová, Zuzana Pucherová, Henrich Grežo
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0193
The individual form of recreation and spending free time individually came to the fore during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the area – the Topoľčany district, there are several alternatives for individual recreation, which are provided by natural ecosystems, cultural-historical, sacral and architectural monuments. In research connection with the aesthetics of the landscape, they provide several opportunities for recreational activities: hiking and cycling, camping, fishing, swimming, observing plants and animals, the ever-expanding use of agrotourism in a rural environment. Locations with such a focus are part of the Regional Territorial System of Ecological Stability – 21 biocenters, 27 biocorridors and 41 ecostabilization elements with total area 18,271.25 ha. In recent years, in connection with recreation, the concept of "ecotourism" has come to the fore as a sustainable form of recreation based on natural wealth, primarily focused on experiences and the study of nature. It is associated with minimal waste production and almost no consumption, protects the landscape, the environment and biodiversity, improves the prosperity of local people and should be economically viable, ecologically sensitive, and culturally appropriate. The main aim of the contribution is to point out the possibilities of individual recreation for residents in the Topoľčany district with the criterion of ecotourism.
POSIBILITIES OF RECREATION IN HNILEC RIVER BASIN FROM CLIMATOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW
Patrik Nagy, Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Miroslav Garaj, Milan Gocic
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0198
Climate change affects the hydrological regime of the Palcmanská Maša water reservoir and the use of the water surface for recreational purposes. Within the contribution, climatological variables were analyzed, namely precipitation, temperatures and flows in the sub-basin above Stratená station in the Hnilec river basin. The results document the possibilities of recreational use of the given area.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE POST COVID ERA
Kristýna Tuzová, Milada Šťastná
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0202
The study "Possibilities of using new technologies in cultural tourism in the post-Covid era" deals with the analysis of different ways of using IT technologies in cultural tourism with a special focus on the effects of Covid19. As part of the study, the method of literary research was chosen, enabling the analysis of the possibilities of using new technologies, including the assessment of their potential. Based on the study, it was confirmed that the potential for the use of new technologies in the field of cultural tourism is diverse. Due to the impact of Covid19 on global tourism, a massive development of digitization in the cultural tourism sector can be expected. The use of new technologies in cultural tourism could help make tourism accessible to a wider range of users. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the direction of the development of new technologies is influenced not only by the creators of IT technologies, but also by the demand from users and their IT skills.
PROBLEMS OF RURAL LANDSCAPE‘S PROTECTION VS ANTHROPOPRESSURE AND RECREATION MOVEMENT - THE EXAMPLE OF THE NATURE RESERVE "STAWY RASZYŃSKIE" NEAR WARSAW
Jan Łukaszkiewicz, Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0206
The paper refers to a case study of the nature reserve "Stawy Raszyńskie", with surrounding areas featuring broad natural and cultural values. Together with its buffer zone, it's one of the most valuable natural parts of Warsaw's Protected Landscape Area (Poland), being under the management of I.T.-P. - the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences in Falenty (Polish Ministry of Agriculture). The legal protection includes a wetland biotope - a rich ecosystem for waterfowl, marsh birds and many species of plants and animals (a system of several ponds with adjacent areas - a buffer zone of approx. 100 ha). For many reasons, existing precautions are inadequate, leading to the steady degradation of the site. Concerning the protection of opened landscapes, the publication aims to present the problems and possible solutions related to the valuable natural landscape of the rural regions exposed to strong anthropopressure. In recent years, the social importance of these legally protected open areas of outstanding natural, landscape and cultural significance has been increasing due to the progressing intensive urbanization of the southern suburbs of Warsaw. In the case of such anthropogenic (human-transformed) ecosystems, the authors wonder whether achieving a certain balance between the objectives of nature and landscape protection and social needs in the future is possible. One of the best options is to perform specific natural self-regulation - while shaping the landscape and maintaining pervasive agriculture for educational and demonstration purposes; the controlled admission of sustainable tourism and recreation is possible - which, left without any surveillance, may lead to the devastation of these valuable areas.
PUBLIC RECREATION AND TOURISM ARE ASPECTS THAT AFFECT NOT ONLY THE ENVIRONMENT
David Brandejs, Pavel Klika
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0212
In most cases, recreation is a short-term hobby that is often associated with travel (tourism) to nearby, but also more distant and remote locations. It is often associated with rest from everyday worries and work duties, in the form of spa and beach stays, but also with active activities. Active activities can include, for example, sports activities, getting to know new territories, villages and cities, visits to various cultural and natural monuments, including mountain resorts, spa areas and water reservoirs. The increased concentration of tourists in these locations brings with it both positive and negative effects. The positive influence is mainly the economic impacts, the development of local business and the economic growth of the given locality. The negative impact of tourism is very often associated especially with pollution, i.e., the impact on the environment. The study evaluates this environmental aspect. That is, how the attractiveness of a tourist destination or the attractiveness of a vacation affects the value of residential real estate.
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PREPAREDNESS AND POTENTIAL OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Radek Timoftej, Hana Brůhová Foltýnová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0217
The paper presents the results of qualitative research focused on sustainable tourism in two protected landscape areas and a national park in the Czech Republic. It aims to determine the state of the art of sustainable tourism in these areas and to compare them from the point of view of the possibilities and potential of sustainable tourism development. The paper uses data from structured interviews with key stakeholders (destination agencies, municipalities, regional governments and bodies offering services in tourism and mobility) and secondary data on tourism services provided in the studied areas. Using qualitative methods, we evaluate the awareness and preparedness of stakeholders and propose possible measures to strengthen sustainable tourism. The presented research results are part of a comprehensive study to develop guidelines for the socalled "Mobility Plans for Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)".
RECREATION IN CZECH LARGE PROTECTED AREAS: COUNTED AND SORTED
Tomáš Janík
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0224
Protected areas around the world attract people. Due to beautiful nature, landscape and suitable geomorphological conditions, leisure time activities are often concentrated in these areas. It can be in opposite to aims of nature conservation. Therefore, we mapped recreational infrastructure and areas across all Large Protected Areas within Czechia for four periods (1950s, around 1990, 2004–2006, 2016–2020). We included all forms of recreational land-use on the edges of built-up areas and outside of them. During our study period of approximately seventy years (1950–2020), their area and length increased significantly. Now, representation of recreational areas within protected areas varied from 0 to 1 % of whole area. Ski slopes and golf courses are among the biggest new recreational structures; playgrounds and sports fields are almost in each protected areas. Despite the relatively small portion of area, recreation created fragmentation features within the landscape and can generate other anthropogenic activities harmful for biodiversity and nature.
RECREATION LAND USE IN TERMS OF WATER PROTECTION
Maria Hlinkova, Rastislav Fijko
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0228
The landscape has a wide range of uses. The current era encourages urbanism and rapid development of cities, but it is necessary to think and leave space for recreational use as well. The development of green spaces not only creates heat islands, but also degrades the recreational potential of the landscape. A vegetated environment is more pleasant to people than a concrete jungle. Water areas fulfil several functions, among which we can also include the recreational function. The use of water areas is also related to their protection. As more and more land is covered with impermeable surfaces, such as roads, buildings, and pavements, there is a reduction in the natural infiltration and percolation of rainwater into the soil. This results in increased surface runoff, which can cause flooding and erosion, and also leads to a decline in the groundwater recharge. Overall, the rapid pace of urbanization is taking a toll on the environment and its components. It is important to find ways to balance the need for development with the preservation of nature, in order to ensure a sustainable future.
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF RADOŠINKA MICROREGION: LANDSCAPE – ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL OF THE CYCLO ROUTE
Mária Bihuňová, Branislav Králik
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0232
Nitra region consist mostly of agricultural landscape with non forest vegetation, water features and forests. The plain landscape has a great potential for the recreational cycling activities – which could lead to the tourism development of the region and extension of the recreational infrastructure. There are several cycle roads, connecting Nitra with its surrounding – villages and cities – cycle roads are established mostly along the river Nitra and in the agricultural landscape. Former railway lines have hidden potential for the widening the accessibility of the landscape for the inhabitants and tourists. Chosen area is located in Nitra region, in the basin of Radošinka stream. The Radošinka stream connects 30 municipalities into the Radošinka NGO microregion. The main idea of our landscape - architectural proposal was to connect the municipalities with the greenway and offer citizens faster and healthier way for movement between the municipalities and possibility for everyday recreational use. There are also several former railway stations, which could be used as recreational and educational centres.
RECREATIONAL USE OF FOREST ROADS IN THE TERRITORY OF NATIONAL PARKS AND PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AREAS
Roman Bystrický
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0237
Free use and entrance into the landscape has been allowed for centuries in Czech Republic. Nowadays, recreation use of forests is gaining importance. At the same time, the most interesting parts of the landscape are protected in the form of large-scale protected areas such as National parks or Protected landscape areas (PLA). Significant part of the recreation usage is concentrated on marked hiking trails, cycle paths and other routes in the forest. In protected areas, it is important to preserve the most valuable parts of these areas, and therefore to direct visitors on hiking trails. Forest roads and other forest transport routes are used for these purposes. The presented study analyzes the influence of recreation on forestry infrastructure, especially regarding to the limitation of its use, using the example of National Parks and Protected landscape areas territories.
REFORM OF THE CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION IN RELATION TO THE PERMITTING OF BUILDINGS FOR RECREATION
Alena Kliková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0243
The paper is devoted to the new legal regulation of public construction law and issues related to legislation in this area. In 2021, a new construction law was approved, which should, among other things, reorganize the public construction administration and should simplify the processes of building permits. The law should come into full effect on 1 July 2023. A major amendment to this construction law is currently being approved. Following these changes, the paper focuses on selected issues related to the change in the organisation of the construction administration in relation to the permitting of buildings for recreation.
REVITALISATION OF DRAINED FOREST AREA
Jana Marková, Petr Pelikán
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0249
The article deals with a possible way of revitalisation of the drainage system established in the past in the locality "Křížovna" in the cadastral area of Čejkov in the Vysočina region. The area is located at an altitude of 649 - 657 m above sea level, the affected area is 1.33 ha and has the character of a spring area. Currently, there is a mixed forest with a predominance of conifers of approximately 50 - 100 years of age. In the past, the site was drained by a system of ditches which were connected to a sunken unnamed stream. In the context of ongoing climate change, the drainage system has lost its purpose. It is desirable to retain water rather than to facilitate its accelerated runoff. Revitalisation measures of a purely natural manners have been implemented using local materials. Simple types of measures have been used to create, among other things, pools, loosened flow paths, cross dams, etc. The text describes the individual types of solutions. In the design process, the individual measures were sensitively chosen so as to minimise interference with mature vegetation. The technical element was the implementation of a ford on the existing logging road and the reconstruction of a culvert under the forest road. The revitalisation measures aim to initiate naturalisation processes both in the stream bed and in the ditches.
REVITALIZATION OF THE PARK IN THE CENTER OF IVANKA PRI DUNAJI
Gabriel Kuczman, Denis Bechera
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0253
Square of Fallen Heroes represents a central municipal space in Ivanka pri Dunaji, which was the subject of a solution by students of the Institute of Landscape Architecture from the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra on the basis of an assignment from the municipality of Ivanka pri Dunaji. The location of the village within the settlement system of Slovakia is part of the most developed Bratislava-Trnava settlement agglomeration. The aim of the revitalization of the central park area in the village is to make the space for rest and recreation more attractive for people of different age categories and at the same time to integrate it into the busy area, surrounded by frequent communication routes. Design solutions reflect the requirements of building a landscape-architectural concept in the center of the village, in accordance with current urban trends, which emphasize, in addition to aesthetics, the absorption and retention of water in the territory and the need to eliminate the negative effects of climate change.
RISK ASSESSMENT ON GEODIVERSITY SITES
Lucie Kubalíková, Eva Nováková, František Kuda, Karel Kirchner, Aleš Bajer, Marie Balková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0258
Geoconservation is an action of conserving and enhancing geological, geomorphological, hydrological and soil features and processes. Particular geoconservation measures are very often applied on the site-level to protect important geodiversity sites. Nevertheless, despite established legal protection and related geoconservation activities, threats to geodiversity sites related to the multiple use and human society demands can arise and reaching a compromise can be difficult. In this contribution, a two-level threat assessment is applied and discussed. The first level of threat assessment is based on the already used criteria within geosite/geomorphosite concept. The second level of threat assessment is represented by Risk Assessment Matrix, which may be considered a useful tool providing a complex view on the threats to geodiversity sites. The methods are applied on two different sites and their advantages and limits are discussed. Based on the assessment, specific management proposals may be implemented in order to balance conservation needs and demands resulting from human activities related to the sites.
RIVERS AS BACKBONES FOR URBAN AND PERIURBAN RECREATION – CASE STUDIES FROM KOŠICE AND PREŠOV, SLOVAKIA
Juraj Illes, Katarina Kristianova
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0263
Most of the urban centers in Slovakia developed in valley locations, in the floodplains of the river landscapes. The gradual growth of settlements transformed the character of the riverscapes and caused significant changes in the physical structure and functions of the river systems. They were modified to fulfill functions required by society, to increase the level of flood protection of the adjacent territory, to create conditions for navigation, to become a source of energy and water supply for the population, agriculture, or industry, and they became recipients for drainage and sewage systems. Regulated rivers have become part of the urban structure of the city. Despite the changes, they fulfill the role of essential bio-corridors of ecological networks and form a key part of the green and blue infrastructure providing valuable ecosystem services, including recreation. In the paper, we examine and compare the history and current patterns of urban and periurban recreation development in contact with a watercourse, rivers Hornád, and Torysa, in the towns of Košice and Prešov.
SMALL-SCALE INVASIVE INTERVENTIONS AS IMPULSES FOR THE REACTIVATION OF FORGOTTEN URBAN SPACES
Miroslav Čibik, Katarína Jankechová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0268
The term "invasive", which the presented research introduces in connection with urban interventions, is perceived mostly negatively by experts and the general public. Especially if a non-native species has an adverse impact on the native territory. This is not quite the case if such short-term invasive interventions appear within urban structures. Then they are notably important and valuable for the city. Many times, they stimulate the activation of communities, warn, increase interest in the site and turn passers-by into observers and later into users. The most important is that the short-term interventions work as social experiments, where passers-by are interacting with the installation, each of them reacts differently and at least force themselves to think about the specific space. The presented article focuses on small-scale interventions that have been displaced or introduced into the environment of forgotten dysfunctional spaces. To places where limited or regulated development is recognised or where the implementation of characteristic urban elements is impossible and a liveable public space with public activities does not usually arise here. The contribution illustrates the possible forms of invasive interventions on the example of concrete realisations from practice. Based on available methods verified in practice through qualitative and quantitative parameters, the article also focuses on evaluation and comparison of such interventions verified and adopted by users, where the result is a set of successful stories.
STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF MOISTURE AND COMPACTION ON THE MODULUS OF RESILIENCE OBTAINED BY CYCLIC CBR TESTING IN LOCAL SOILS FOR A QUALITY RURAL TOURISM
Iñigo Garcia, Lenka Ševelová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0273
Low Volume Roads are a key part of both rural and urban life and an accurate study of the parameters involved in their design is fundamental at an environmental level. In nature, due to the passing of the seasons, with changes in humidity and temperature, the density and compaction of the soil changes notably, giving rise to cracks and defects that directly affect their users and entail both economic and environmental costs in terms of vehicle efficiency and repair costs. Furthermore, this type of defect hinders the practice of outdoor activities and sports, which are essential for the development of rural tourism. For this reason, in this study, the Resilience Modulus of a nearby material has been analysed by cyclic California Bearing Ratio tests, thanks to Mendelu's specialised software, under different compaction and humidity conditions.
THE 'KAMIEŃ' EDUCATIONAL PAVILION IN WARSAW AS A PLACE OF PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVATION OF THE URBAN COMMUNITY
Kinga Kimic, Magdalena Wolska
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0277
Actions aimed at environmental education are crucial for raising the awareness of city dwellers in terms of their life and functioning in a sustainable way. The aim of the article was to identify events organised in 2022 (after the period of the covid-19 pandemic) in the 'Kamień' (Stone) Educational Pavilion in Warsaw – a place of modern education and local activity in the field of popularising knowledge about nature, counteracting climate change, strengthening awareness and good proenvironmental habits among the city's inhabitants. Based on the analysis of data collected from Facebook, completed events were identified (65), and then those related to nature conservation, urban greenery and gardening (37) were distinguished to determine social preferences in the field of environmental education. The largest number of events concerned those classified in the category of educational workshops (23), and the largest number of people interested on Facebook were educational walks and picnics organised in the open air. The obtained results indicate the great needs of the inhabitants of Warsaw in terms of expanding both their theoretical knowledge to raise ecological awareness, and acquiring practical skills useful to support their pro-environmental activities in the city.
THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN TRNAVA (SLOVAKIA) AND SURROUNDING REGION
Radovan Pondelík, Martin Zápotocký
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0282
Ecosystem services represent the contributions and benefits of ecosystems. This paper aims to evaluate highly relevant ecosystem services in Trnava as a regionally significant city and in the functional area which consist of 15 surrounding villages. In this research we used our own progressive methods using complex spatial units (representative potential geoecosystems and representative real geoecosystems) to define the most important ecosystem services in the area. The results of our study consist of two types of outcomes. Firstly, we provide assessment for each spatial unit for various ecosystem services in urban functional area of Trnava and secondly, we have created maps which can help to see a broader image of spatial arrangement of benefits.
THE CONCEPT OF SENSE OF PLACE IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Dominik Rubáš, Tomáš Matějček, Tomáš Bendl
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0286
In recent years, research on the “sense of place” (SOP) concept has gained importance in both the international environmental and geographical literatures. The formation of a student’s relationship to place is one key challenge of the educational process in today’s globalized society. Although the concept is part of the cross-cutting area of environmental education, its implementation in schools is widely insufficient. To some extent, this situation might be rooted in the lack of theoretical research on this topic in Czechia. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to offer an overview of foreign research that deals with this concept in the context of education, discuss its conceptual definition, and present the results of the research that deals with children’s SOP in Czechia and Slovakia. The respondents consist of upper-primary school pupils (n = 8,653). Their responses to an open-ended questionnaire were evaluated via inductive content analysis. The findings suggest that pupils’ relationships to specific places exist in the psychological, sociocultural, and biophysical dimensions and that it includes the cognitive, conative, and affective domains. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that a pupil’s SOP exists at different scales. The results of this research can contribute to improving the efficiency of implementing the SOP concept in the educational process.
THE EFFECT OF GRASS STRIPS ON SOIL RETENTION AND EROSION REDUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Petr Karásek, Josef Kučera, Michal Pochop
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0290
Grass strips are one of the landscape features that separate large blocks of arable land into smaller plots. Together with other elements, they form a landscape mosaic that contributes to improving the ecological, aesthetic and cultural values of the agricultural landscape. A varied landscape mosaic is the main prerequisite for increasing the ecological stability of the landscape, opening up the landscape to people, or further use for recreational purposes. The research activities of RISWC include long-term measurements of the retention capacity of grass strips and continuous monitoring of erosion events in catchments with implemented grass strips. The results show the positive effect of these grass strips. After their implementation, the infiltration rate of rainwater is significantly increased. There is also a significant reduction of erosion on the slope with the implemented grass strips. In this paper we present an example of the function of grass strips in the model catchments Hustopeče-Starovice.
THE FIRST OFFICIAL FOREST MIND TRAIL IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC – KŘTINY ARBORETUM
Jitka Fialová, Martina Holcová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0295
The forest can do wonders for us. We all have our own experiences with it. It is an environment that becomes a contrast to today's hectic times full of sensations, noise, information overload. The aim of this route is to point out the importance of trees, which is mostly hidden, to offer visitors simple relaxation techniques that they can take back to their lives, to allow visitors to stop, rest and relax among the trees, to popularize scientific research concerning the importance of being in the forest on the physical psychological side of man, to communicate to visitors the importance of the arboretum and the Training forest enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny as its manager. The Forest Mind Route, which is the first of its kind in the Czech Republic, is appreciated by experts not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad.
THE HIPOROUTES IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS FROM ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
Václav Mráz, Jiří Ježek, Karel Zlatuška, Vlastimil Nevrkla
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0302
These days, equestrian tourism is more and more popular. It is also called hipotourism. During this, the tourist is mostly riding a horse. A suitable way is needed for horses and their riders, of course. The hiporoutes usually use forest and field roads with gravel or asphalt cover. These roads are the ideal surface during times of drought. There are problems during strong or long-lasting rains and snow melting. The muddy surface of the roads is hazardous for horses because they can slip. The asphalt cover is unsuitable, of course. Concerning the increasing interest in hiporoute construction, and due to the lack of traditional building material, the search for more economical, technologically better solutions and minimalizing the effects on the environment is required. One of the possible solutions for construction is using recycled materials and secondary raw materials from industrial production. There were chosen several sorts of materials and binders for authorization of possibilities in using of alternative materials for road stabilisation due to the training of carriage horses in the National stud farm Kladruby n. Labem. The longtime target is observing changes in surface properties due to traffic, climatic condition and suitable cover of routes for horse training.
THE IMPACT OF THE CREATION OF A RECREATIONAL AREA BY RECLAMATION OF A SURFACE MINE ON PROPERTY VOLUE
Vítězslava Hlavinková, Martina Vařechová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0306
The new lake Most with a water surface of 309 ha is an example that in some cases the damage to the landscape by human activity is not irreversible. A successful reclamation was a prerequisite for the preparation of a plan while mining was still under way in 1968. Since October 2008, the original mining pit has been filled with industrial water from the Nechranice dam. The surroundings of the future lake were also reclaimed, creating conditions for recreational use, not only beaches and facilities, but also sports equipment, playgrounds and piers to facilitate access to the lake. The article examines the effect of the newly created recreational area on the price of residential property in the vicinity. Price data from the period before the lake filling and from 2020 to 2022 are used as a basis for the analysis of the current state of the residential real estate market. The paper concludes by stating to what extent, and with what time lag, positive environmental change will take place in the formerly devastated area.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS TOOLS FOR PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM ALONG THE NETWORK OF OLD SHEEP-TRACKS
Giuseppe Cillis, Dina Statuto, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0311
Rural tourism is progressively growing in several areas of the World, thanks to its characteristics to noticeably combine naturalistic, cultural and eno-gastronomic opportunities. In this framework, many old agricultural buildings have been successfully converted into new accommodations, typical restaurants or educational farms. Tourism activities related to these rural structures are currently expanding, so incentivizing the arrival of more tourists and valorizing the rural land. One of the elements of the rural landscape that could be improved to further spreading, is the network of old sheep-tracks. Indeed, these paths can be exploited for cultural and nature hiking activities since, in addition to often crossing rural areas, they are perfect places to immerse the tourist in the nature and surrounding landscape. The present study considers the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy) and its important network of old sheep-tracks, which have been included into a GIS database, specifically implemented to exploit these paths for touristic purposes. Thanks to this GIS tool - that allowed the creation of a complex georeferenced database, by entering all data related to elements of tourist and cultural interest - it has been therefore possible to plan suitable tourist routes, even aimed at the sustainable valorization of the rural landscape.
THE IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF RIPARIAN STANDS OF THE RECREATIONAL WATER RESERVOIR POČÚVADLO IN ŠTIAVNICKÉ VRCHY
Mariana Jakubisová, Matúš Jakubis
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0316
The recreational water reservoir Počúvadlo, which was built in the years 1775-1779, is located in the Štiavnické vrchy Protected Landscape Area near the town of Banská Štiavnica. This water reservoir, as a part of the historical mining water management system, is the most visited and used for recreation out of the 26 preserved reservoirs in the vicinity of Banská Štiavnica. Počúvadlo water reservoir covers an area of 12.13 hectares and is a popular summer and winter recreation center and the venue for various cultural and sports events in this region. An important part of the Počúvadlo water reservoir are the riparian stands, which have several functions. These functions are mainly related to the protection of banks from erosion (abrasion), create suitable space and conditions for recreation and relaxation, affect the water quality in the reservoir, etc. In 1993, town Banská Štiavnica, together with the technical monuments in the vicinity (including the unique water management system of water reservoirs), was entered into the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List.
THE ISSUE OF GEO-EDUCATION ON NATURE TRAILS IN THE FIRST SLOVAK GEOPARK BANSKÁ ŠTIAVNICA
Silvia Palgutová, Michaela Podoláková, Lenka Varcholová, Branislav Kršák, Ľubomír Štrba
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0321
Geopark Banská Štiavnica is the oldest geopark in Slovakia located in an area with remarkable historical and mining values. Within the area, there are several nature trails providing tourists with recreational education. This education focused on geosciences, called geo-education is a significant element of any geopark, as well as Geopark Banská Štiavnica. Geo-education can be carried out also on nature trails, specifically via interpretational panels. Multiple issues may arise, including the matter of information presentation, interpretation, and communication, or in the way of nature trail promotion. This article deals with the issue of geo-education by stating and addressing the obvious issues of wrong chosen interpretation, presentation, and promotion of geopark nature trails and the lack of available information both online and in situ. In addition, a good practice of UNESCO geoparks and practices of geotourism is given in comparison with the current situation of geopark geo-education.
THE ROAD FROM THE CITY TO THE FOREST. OR HOW FAR IS THE URBAN MAN FROM A FUNCTIONAL FOREST?
Vilém Pechanec, Helena Kilianová, Ivo Machar
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0326
This paper presents results from an analysis of the frictional distance of urban development to the nearest functional forest. A functional forest is defined by natural forest habitats in the sense of the Catalogue of Habitats of the Czech Republic, which simultaneously meet the minimum area requirement. The distance to the forest is calculated using the modified distance to nature (D2N) method for all locations in the Czech Republic, described by a 10x10 m area. The direct distance is calculated using the Euclidean distance method without barriers, and the friction is given as a function of the naturalness of the intersecting habitats. Results - maximum and median distances are evaluated at county and state levels. The distances achieved are further compared to the direct distance to the functional forest and the distance to the nearest forest segment (regardless of quality and area).
THE ROLE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION IN RURAL SPACE DEVELOPMENT
Jana Konečná, Michal Pochop, Jana Podhrázská, Petr Karásek, Eva Nováková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0331
The primary goal of the land consolidation process is to create optimal conditions for agricultural management. Land consolidations spatially and functionally organize land in the public interest, merge or divide it, and provide the accessibility and use of land and the alignment of their borders to create conditions for rational farming. It is defined by law that soil, water and environmental conservation are important and publicly necessary aspects of any complex land consolidation. Hence, land consolidation creates a space for the design and implementation of soil, water and environment conservation measures (e.g., grassing, balks, tree belts, reservoirs, …). Land consolidation plans are supported by the government and EU funds are accessed for the implementation of protective and ecological measures. Using concrete examples, the article shows how built multifunctional measures (incl. tourist rest points) contribute to the improvement of non-production functions of the agricultural landscape, its aesthetics and recreational potential.
THE ROLE OF WETLANDS IN FLOOD PROTECTION PROCESSES IN THE LANDSCAPE – CASE STUDY
Marián Dobranský, Peter Bujanský, Gao Zhenjun
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0336
In the past, in Slovakia, from the point of view of flood protection, riverbeds were modified with technical elements. The most common solution was the so-called channelization of the riverbed. This modification of the channel straightening, removed the natural meanders of the river, increased the longitudinal slope of the riverbed, and accelerated the outflow from the threatened area. Nowadays, from the point of view of water retention in the country, only the revitalization of riverbeds may not be sufficient to achieve water management during droughts, but also during floods. The design of wetlands in the territory of old, historical, and forgotten riverbeds can create a system for retaining water in nature, thanks to the regulated flood wave, regulation of the inflow and outflow of water from the wetland to existing as well as restored branches of a river. Wetlands, as a valuable ecosystem, can also have recreational and educational value for the wider public, either in the form of touristeducational trails, lookout towers with the aim of observing bird territories or as part of cycling tracks.
THE UNFINISHED HITLER’S MOTORWAY – A HERITAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE
Ivo Dostál, Marek Havlíček, Hana Skokanová
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0340
The unfinished extraterritorial motorway A88 Breslau – Wien, also known as Hitler's motorway, was a strategic construction of the German Reich connecting major centres through the territory of Czechoslovakia (later Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia). Within the present-day territory of the Czech Republic, work on the Hitler Motorway began in April 1939 and was halted in April 1942, with a total of 85 km of the motorway being built out of a total of 320 km. In 80 years, only three short, isolated sections have been completed as highways or roads. Most of the completed part of the route is kept as a zoning reserve for the construction of a capacity road from Brno to Moravská Třebová. In addition to standard agricultural areas, there are relatively attractive green infrastructure elements in the landscape in several places. They are represented by shrubs, tree vegetation or meadows. Two sites are currently protected as nature reserves and natural monuments. From the point of view of recreation and tourism, some preserved technical infrastructure objects are also attractive, e.g. motorway bridges, culverts, earthworks on notches. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the heritage of the unfinished motorway in the current landscape, with an emphasis on its potential in green infrastructure of the landscape and its use in local and regional tourism and recreation.
TRADITIONAL COPPICE MANAGEMENTS AT THE LANDSCAPE LEVEL ALONG WITH RECREATIONAL USE
Barbora Uherková, Jan Kadavý, Zdeněk Adamec, Michal Friedl, Aleš Kučera, Robert Knott, ...
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0346
Our current goals in forestry involve safeguarding the land and environment, optimizing the forest's ability to absorb CO2, maintaining the health and integrity of forest ecosystems, and preserving biodiversity and landscape variety. Ensuring the long-term productivity, socio-economic viability, and environmental functions of European forests and woodlands, including coppice woodlands, is crucial. Addressing these challenges can be effectively achieved by utilizing a combination of various management methods. The main focus of this study is on traditional forms of management such as coppicing, grazing, and litter raking. To facilitate this research, designated plots were established within the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. These plots, where sheep grazing and litter raking have been implemented since 2018, are exceptional and provide exemplary illustrations of diverse coppice management practices in Central European coppices.
TRANSFORMATION OF GARDEN SETTLEMENTS INTO A RESIDENTIAL ZONE
Sofie Pokorná, Vítězslava Hlavinková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0351
The content of this paper is research on gardening settlements. These are special urban areas that, as recreational spaces for city residents, contribute to the maintenance of their mental and physical condition. At the same time, from the point of view of environmental and ecological urbanism, they are a specific ecosystem of so-called green infrastructure, whose importance is seen, for example, in the prevention of overheating in urban areas in the summer months. At the same time, the economic aspect cannot be overlooked, namely the savings in the city budget for the maintenance of greenery. For the purpose of this research, the gardening settlements in Brno were monitored. The paper deals with the gradual transformation of these settlements into residential space. It analyses the economic factors and looks for parallels in the construction of emergency colonies in the 1920s in Brno. The article draws attention to the disruption of the local ecosystem and its transformation, the disappearance of the recreational zone and the benefits of urban green infrastructure.
UNDERGROUND SPACES IN BOSONOŽSKÝ HÁJEK NATURE RESERVE AND THEIR GEOEDUCATION IMPORTANCE
Karel Kirchner, František Kuda, Vít Baldík, Lucie Kubalíková
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0356
Bosonožský hájek Natural Reserve (Brno, South Moravia) is a very important site from the Earth Science point of view, however, its geodiversity values have been rather overlooked and omitted in the past (the object of legal protection is the occurrence of well-preserved forest ecosystems and endangered species). In the last decades, a series of field work and geophysical measurements has been carried out and the Earth Science phenomena have been identified and described here. These are represented by a dense network of gullies that developed in Pleistocene loess and that are both of natural and anthropogenic origin (some gullies probably developed along the old paths) and specific underground spaces (so called dugouts). Until now, the dugouts in South Moravia have been investigated mainly by archaeologists and those in Bosonožský hájek NR have not been described in detail yet. This brief contribution brings new information about three underground landforms and their possible relationship to the age and development of the gullies. The possibility of different interpretations of the origin of these specific landforms can be considered an opportunity in the field of Earth Science (geosciences) education and as an interesting complement of tourist and recreational activities on site.
URBAN AGRICULTURE – ECOSYSTEM AND CULTURAL FUNCTIONS OF ORCHARD VEGETATION
Jan Winkler, Petra Martínez Barroso, Doubravka Kuříková, Helena Pluháčková, Aleksandra Nowysz
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0360
The phenomenon of urban agriculture has lately become a much discussed issue. The idea of food production in cities seems to be in a striking contrast with the character of urban life, however, orchards are very suitable for urban agriculture by their nature. Apart from ensuring production functions (fruit production), they provide a whole range of ecosystem and cultural functions. Orchards are not a typical agricultural monoculture. Vegetation for non-production use is grown under the fruit trees. The orchard vegetation plays a role in anti-erosion function, which is mainly performed by perennial grasses (Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis etc.), it is a food source for pollinating insects (Medicago lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia and Vicia sativa), and a habitat for medicinal herbs (Plantago lanceolata, Rosa canina, Urtica dioica). The occurence of diverse plant species affects the functioning of the ecosystem positively and can also be used for touristic purposes.
VALORIZATION OF AN OLD SHEEP TRAIL AS A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC RECREATION: A CASE STUDY IN SOUTHERN ITALY
Dina Statuto, Giuseppe Cillis, Pietro Picuno
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0364
Within the valorization process of rural landscape for public recreation, an increasing interest is currently registered on ancient sheep-tracks. Indeed, these paths constitute the historical infrastructure of the transhumance system, that covered all over Europe thousands of kilometers, forming the routes of shepherds, merchants, warriors and pilgrims. In Italy, these tracks - known as “tratturi“ - are landscape-bound, while the practice of transhumance has recently been included in the intangible UNESCO World Heritage. In addition to their cultural and scenic value, today some old sheep-tracks are being rediscovered as new rural hiking trails. However, they present some technical drawbacks, that make them barely usable by tourists for walking in the nature. Taking as a case study an old sheep-track connecting the two cities of Matera and Montescaglioso (Basilicata Region - Southern Italy), a GIS approach was applied, to evaluate the possibilities to use this path as an hiking trail, highlighting the difficulties to be solved for its valorization. The final results showed how, thanks to a GIS tool, it is possible to compare different types of data, from historical to modern ones, so relating the route with all elements of tourist interest, evaluating its potential for excursion purposes as well.
WHERE NATURE MEETS ADVENTURE: TOURIST ACTIVITIES AT DOBROGEI GORGE NATURE RESERVE, ROMANIA
Teodorescu Camelia, Szemkovics Laurentiu-Stefan, Dumitrascu Alina Viorica
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0369
Nature offers the other more landscapes, many of them with the possibility of being used for tourist, recreational purposes. The present study aims to analyze the impact that the Dobrogean geographical area is, where the unique unique deera rhines. The method of analysis is an empirical one, of the questionnaire, which was applied to both the residents and the tourists who visited the Dobrogea Gorges. The results highlight the advantages offered by these geological formations in the satisfaction of consuming tourists of such tourism (adventure, landscape and recreational). The presence of tourists adds income for the locals, who seem to be satisfied with the obtained (local products obtained in the household). The limits of the study are given by the lack of information for a longer duration and official data on the quantities of products sold during a month or year.
WHERE THE SQUARE MEETS THE STREAM: RE-DESIGNING THE RURAL SQUARE IN VEĽKÝ KÝR, SLOVAKIA
Attila Tóth
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0373
The Saint John of Nepomuk Square is the main central open space in the historical core of the rural municipality Veľký Kýr (Western Slovakia, Nitra Region, Danube Lowland). The square has a direct spatial relation to Malá Nitra, a side stream of the river Nitra. The main historical and architectural landmark is the Roman-Catholic Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. The square is framed by two cultural centres, the municipal office, a supermarket, and other buildings. An important element is the statute of Saint John of Nepomuk, on the main compositional axis of the square. The design challenge was to develop design ideas and solutions how to unify the square visually and spatially and make it greener, and more pedestrian friendly. Master students of landscape architecture elaborated four different design solutions with diverse ideas and proposals for enhancing this important open space and making it more sustainable, functioning, and attractive for residents and visitors. The designs were presented to local inhabitants, members of the municipal council and the mayor. The design process initiated discussions on the local level and the square renewal process. The main outcomes of the analytical and creative thinking process are presented in this paper.
WHICH INFLUENCE HAS DEFORESTATION ON TOURISTIC RECREATIONAL AREAS IN SUCEAVA COUNTY?
Ana-Maria Ciobotaru
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0378
Deforestation is the problem that affects forest ecosystems and indirectly influences the other components of the geographical system. Degradation of forests is a continuous process that destroys more and more the biodiversity of the Carpathian environment in Romania, but also a series of recreational services. Overexploitation of wood resources, climate changes, and the construction of new roads are important causes of deforestation. In this article, I wanted to analyse the connection between deforested areas and tourist recreational areas in Suceava county. The results of the research reveal the fact that with the increase of deforested areas in the Carpathian Mountains, there is also instability in the touristic recreational areas.
WILL THE REMOVAL OF THE RECREATIONAL SYMBOL OF JESENIKY MOUNTAIN SUMMIT PARTS, THE DWARF PINE FORESTS, AFFECT THE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE HILLS?
Petr Kupec, Petr Čech, Jan Deutscher
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0382
The study evaluates how the removal of the dwarf pine from the forest stands of the summit parts of the Jeseníky Mountains will affect the performance of their ecosystem functions. The primary interest of the study is the assessment of the effect of the removal of the dwarf pine on the runoff conditions of the investigated locations, however, their recreational function is also considered. It is obvious that the dwarf pine has historically become one of the symbols of the local landscape in the summit parts of the Jeseníky Mountains. The results achieved by the author's team indicate that the removal of the dwarf pine will not significantly affect the functions of the forests in the monitored area compared to their current functionality. However, the social perception of this intervention will probably be very significant, both in the professional sphere (foresters) and in the sphere of the public (recreationists). It turns out that currently, the social significance of interventions implemented in socially exposed localities is as serious as its ecological and technical significance.
WINDBREAKS AS AN IMPORTANT ECO-STABILISING AND SOIL-PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS IN THE LANDSCAPE OF SOUTH MORAVIA
Josef Kučera, Jana Podhrázská, Michal Pochop, Petr Karásek
DOI: 10.11118/978-80-7509-904-4-0387
South Moravia is one of the most popular and frequently visited areas for tourism and recreation. Cyclists can take advantage of the dense network of cycling paths of local, regional as well as European importance, which connect interesting localities in the area. Various landscape elements also contribute to the attractiveness of the landscape, among which vegetation linear elements have an irreplaceable function. Historically, windbreaks have been planted in the landscape of southern Moravia as protection against the adverse effects of wind. Their importance is growing, especially in view of the adverse effects of climate change. However, the health of many of the elements is often no longer satisfactory, which can cause serious problems. This is illustrated by the extreme weather event of 24 June 2021, when the area between Breclav and Hodonín was hit by a tornado, which caused enormous damage to the property and health of the inhabitants of the municipalities but also had significant destructive effects on the countryside. At the same time, a number of hiking and cycling routes pass through the area affected by the tornado. The present paper deals with the assessment of the condition of linear vegetation elements in the affected area. A total of 10 cadastral areas that were directly affected by the tornado were analysed. The analysis of the area will be useful for further proposals for the restoration or implementation of new windbreaks to mitigate the risk of wind erosion and other climatic extremes in this area, to increase the permeability and attractiveness of the landscape, and to support the construction of a new network of field roads, bicycle paths, and walk trails.