Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2010, 58(1), 71-76 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun201058010071

Složení kořenových exsudátů Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu

Ladislav Hromádko1, Valerie Vranová1, Didier Techer2, Philippe Laval-Gilly2, Klement Rejšek1, Pavel Formánek1, Jairö Falla2
1 Ústav geologie a pedologie, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika
2 Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie Biodiversité Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), University Paul Verlaine Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, IUT Thionville Yutz - Impasse A. Kastler - 57970 Yutz - France

V této práci bylo studováno složení kořenových exsudátů rostliny Miscanthus × Giganteus a rychlost kořenové exsudace. Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu je vytrvalá, rhizomatózní rostlina (C4-tráva), pocházející z jihovýchodní Asie. Tato rostlina je v rámci Evropy intenzivně studována z důvodu jejího využítí pro výrobu biopaliv, kompostů, v papírenském průmyslu či fytoremediacích atd. Druh M. × Giganteus představuje sterilní a pravděpodobně přírodní hybrid vzniklý křížením M. × sacchariflorus (diploid) a M. sinensis (tetraploid), s triploidním chromozomem, postrádající schopnost produkce semen. Tato studie byla iniciována z důvodu rozšíření základních poznatků o M. × Giganteus, které mohou být následně využívány pro účely testování účinnosti dekontaminace půd, znečištěných organickými polutanty. Rhizomy s kořeny M. × Giganteus byly získány z více než patnáctiletého porostu, který se nachází v Botanické zahradě a arboretu Mendelovy zemědělské a lesnické univerzity v Brně. Exsudáty z odstříhaných kořenů byly sbírány v demineralizované vodě po dobu 2 hodin, při pokojové teplotě. Analýza jednotlivých složek kořenových exsudátů (celkový organický uhlík, celkové cukry, bílkoviny a jednotlivé aminokyseliny) byla provedena standardně používanými metodami (spalování za vlhka, reakce s anthronovým reagentem, metodou podle Bradforda či HPLC). Výsledky studie ukázaly, že rychlost exsudace celkového organického uhlíku z odstříhnutých kořenů M. × Giganteus dosahovala v průměru 0,22 mmol . g-1 suchých kořenů za hodinu. Celkové cukry tvořily 7,8 % a bílkoviny 1,5 % celkového organického uhlíku. Z celkového počtu 17 aminokyselin (kyselina asparagová a glutamová, serin, histidin, glycin, threonin, alanin, tyrosin, valin, methionin, fenylalanin, isoleucin, leucin, prolin, arginin, cystin a lysin) byla nejvyšší rychlost kořenové exsudace stanovena v případě kyseliny asparagové, argininu, alaninu a kyseliny glutamové.

kořenové exsudáty, Miscanthus × Giganteus, proteiny, cukry, aminokyseliny, uhlík, fytoremediace

Composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu

Rate of root exudation and identification of selected compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus in the autumnal period of growth was performed. Total organic carbon of root exudates was formed from 7.8 % by carbohydrates and from 1.5 % by proteins. Aspartic acid, arginine, alanine and glutamic acid were exuded with the highest rate of all amino acids. This work brings new basic knowledge which can be used for phytoremediations.

Keywords: root exudates, Miscanthus × Giganteus, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, carbon, phytoremediation
Grants and funding:

This work was covered from the project "Assessment of Qualitative Composition of Root Exudates for Phytoremediation" (Internal Grant Agency of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, 2008).

Received: December 1, 2009; Published: October 5, 2014  Show citation

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Hromádko, L., Vranová, V., Techer, D., Laval-Gilly, P., Rejšek, K., Formánek, P., & Falla, J. (2010). Composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 58(1), 71-76. doi: 10.11118/actaun201058010071
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