Intellectual capital in Indonesia: dynamic panel approach

Intellectual capital (IC) has been considered as a valuable asset in the wealth creation and sustainability of the company; however, limited and mixed results are found on its impact on firm financial performance and market value (MV). This paper aims to investigate the influence of IC toward MV and financial performance of publicly listed firms in Indonesia. In addition, this research also presents the comparison of the high and low level of knowledge industries regarding IC performance.

A balanced panel data of 127 firms from 12 industries in Indonesia during 2010 until 2017 was evaluated using dynamic panel regression and administering a well-developed Blundell–Bond instrument (dynamic panel data estimator) to account for endogeneity problem.

The results of this study showed that IC had a significant and positive impact on firm performance. Specifically, structural capital efficiency and capital employed (CE) efficiency have been contributed to the value creation of the company, after controlling for firm size and type of industry. Different to the theoretical expectation, this research found no significant relationship between IC and MV of the firm. However, when the sample was clustered into high-level and low-level knowledge industry, CE displayed positive and significant relationship in high-level industry.

This research contributes to IC research by having a larger sample of Indonesian firms from all industries except banks and financial institutions and using Modified Value Added Intellectual Capital measurement model. To address the endogeneity problem, dynamic panel regression using system generalized method of moment was applied.