##############################################################################
#                                                                            #
# This CIF contains the data in a paper accepted for publication in          #
# Acta Crystallographica Section E. It conforms to the requirements of       #
# Notes for Authors for Acta Crystallographica Section E, and has been       #
# peer reviewed under the auspices of the IUCr Commission on Journals.       #
#                                                                            #
# Full details of the Crystallographic Information File format               #
# are given in the paper "The Crystallographic Information File (CIF):       #
# a New Standard Archive File for Crystallography" by S. R. Hall, F. H.      #
# Allen and I. D. Brown [Acta Cryst. (1991), A47, 655-685].                  #
#                                                                            #
# The current version of the core CIF dictionary is obtainable from          #
# ftp://ftp.iucr.org/pub/cif_core.dic.                                       #
#                                                                            #
# Software is freely available for graphical display of the structure(s)     #
# in this CIF. For information consult the CIF software page                 #
# http://www.iucr.org/resources/cif/software.                                #
#                                                                            #
# This file may be used for bona fide research purposes within the           #
# scientific community so long as proper attribution is given to the journal # 
# article from which it was obtained.                                        #
#                                                                            #
##############################################################################
data_I
_audit_creation_method     SHELXL-97
_chemical_name_systematic
;
3,5-Dibromo-2-[2,5-dibutoxy-4-(3,5-dibromothiophen-2-yl)phenyl]thiophene
;
_chemical_name_common     ?
_chemical_formula_moiety     'C22 H22 Br4 O2 S2'
_chemical_formula_sum     'C22 H22 Br4 O2 S2'
_chemical_formula_iupac     'C22 H22 Br4 O2 S2'
_chemical_formula_weight     702.16
_chemical_melting_point_gt     417
_chemical_melting_point_lt     419
_symmetry_cell_setting     monoclinic
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M     'P 21/c'
_symmetry_space_group_name_Hall     '-P 2ybc'
loop_
    _symmetry_equiv_pos_as_xyz
    'x, y, z'
    '-x, y+1/2, -z+1/2'
    '-x, -y, -z'
    'x, -y-1/2, z-1/2'
_cell_length_a     13.0156(3)
_cell_length_b     7.8157(2)
_cell_length_c     12.2264(2)
_cell_angle_alpha     90.00
_cell_angle_beta     101.027(2)
_cell_angle_gamma     90.00
_cell_volume     1220.78(5)
_cell_formula_units_Z     2
_cell_measurement_reflns_used     7985
_cell_measurement_theta_min     3
_cell_measurement_theta_max     71
_cell_measurement_temperature     150
_exptl_crystal_description     'prismatic'
_exptl_crystal_colour     'yellow'
_exptl_crystal_size_max     0.24
_exptl_crystal_size_mid     0.10
_exptl_crystal_size_min     0.07
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     1.910
_exptl_crystal_density_meas     ?
_exptl_crystal_density_method     'not measured'
_exptl_crystal_F_000     684
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu     9.787
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type     multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details
;
(CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2006)
;
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min     0.202
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max     0.547
_exptl_special_details
;
The crystal was placed in the cold stream of an Oxford Cryosystems open-flow
nitrogen cryostat (Cosier & Glazer, 1986) with a nominal stability of 0.1 K.
(Cosier, J. & Glazer, A.M., 1986. J. Appl. Cryst. 105 107.)
;
_diffrn_ambient_temperature     150
_diffrn_radiation_type     CuK\a
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength     1.54178
_diffrn_radiation_source     'fine-focus sealed tube'
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator     graphite
_diffrn_measurement_device_type     'Oxford Diffraction Gemini'
_diffrn_measurement_device     'Oxford Diffraction Gemini'
_diffrn_measurement_method     ω/2θ
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean     ?
_diffrn_reflns_number     12067
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents     0.0366
_diffrn_reflns_av_sigmaI/netI     0.0206
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min     3.46
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max     71.02
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full     71.02
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max     0.994
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full     0.994
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min     -15
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max     15
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min     -9
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max     9
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min     -14
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max     14
_diffrn_standards_number     0
_diffrn_standards_interval_count     0
_diffrn_standards_interval_time     0
_diffrn_standards_decay_%     0
_refine_special_details
;
Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor
wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional
R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for
negative F². The threshold expression of F² >
σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc.
and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement.
R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large
as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be
even larger.
;
_reflns_number_total     2349
_reflns_number_gt     2272
_reflns_threshold_expression     I>2sigma(I)
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef     Fsqd
_refine_ls_matrix_type     full
_refine_ls_R_factor_all     0.0310
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt     0.0300
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt     0.0835
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref     0.0844
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref     1.100
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all     1.100
_refine_ls_number_reflns     2349
_refine_ls_number_parameters     138
_refine_ls_number_restraints     0
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment     constr
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme     calc
_refine_ls_weighting_details
         'calc w=1/[σ²(Fo²)+(0.0574P)²+0.8587P] where P=(Fo²+2Fc²)/3'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens     geom
_atom_sites_solution_primary     direct
_atom_sites_solution_secondary     difmap
_refine_ls_shift/su_max     0.001
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean     0.000
_refine_diff_density_max     0.982
_refine_diff_density_min     -0.539
_refine_ls_extinction_method     'SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_refine_ls_extinction_coef     0.0057(3)
_refine_ls_extinction_expression
                                  'Fc^*^=kFc[1+0.001xFc²λ³/sin(2θ)]^-1/4^'
loop_
    _atom_type_symbol
    _atom_type_description
    _atom_type_scat_dispersion_real
    _atom_type_scat_dispersion_imag
    _atom_type_scat_source
    'C' 'C' 0.0181 0.0091
                         'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
    'H' 'H' 0.0000 0.0000
                         'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
    'O' 'O' 0.0492 0.0322
                         'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
    'S' 'S' 0.3331 0.5567
                         'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
    'Br' 'Br' -0.6763 1.2805
                         'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
_computing_data_collection     'CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2006)'
_computing_cell_refinement     'CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2006)'
_computing_data_reduction     'CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2006)'
_computing_structure_solution     'SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_computing_structure_refinement     'SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_computing_molecular_graphics     'SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_computing_publication_material
;
SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and
publCIF (Westrip, 2010)
;
loop_
    _atom_site_type_symbol
    _atom_site_label
    _atom_site_fract_x
    _atom_site_fract_y
    _atom_site_fract_z
    _atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
    _atom_site_adp_type
    _atom_site_calc_flag
    _atom_site_refinement_flags
    _atom_site_occupancy
    _atom_site_symmetry_multiplicity
    _atom_site_disorder_assembly
    _atom_site_disorder_group
    Br Br1 0.85564(2) 0.22645(4) 0.97981(2) 0.02292(14) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    Br Br2 0.43160(2) 0.45620(4) 0.82956(2) 0.01904(14) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    S S1 0.74092(5) 0.36060(9) 0.74910(5) 0.01532(18) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    O O1 0.70059(14) 0.6197(2) 0.57663(15) 0.0142(4) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C1 0.60951(19) 0.4183(3) 0.7216(2) 0.0119(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C2 0.56937(19) 0.3982(3) 0.8164(2) 0.0122(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C3 0.6403(2) 0.3333(3) 0.9103(2) 0.0143(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H3 0.6239 0.3128 0.9799 0.017 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    C C4 0.7353(2) 0.3055(3) 0.8837(2) 0.0143(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C5 0.5550(2) 0.4615(3) 0.6079(2) 0.0115(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C6 0.6011(2) 0.5643(3) 0.5364(2) 0.0113(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    C C7 0.4545(2) 0.3963(3) 0.5690(2) 0.0125(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H7 0.4243 0.3250 0.6150 0.015 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    C C8 0.7491(2) 0.7284(3) 0.5067(2) 0.0158(5) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H8A 0.7077 0.8311 0.4876 0.019 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    H H8B 0.7549 0.6692 0.4384 0.019 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    C C9 0.8561(2) 0.7736(4) 0.5713(3) 0.0193(6) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H9A 0.8917 0.8437 0.5247 0.023 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    H H9B 0.8963 0.6692 0.5884 0.023 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    C C10 0.8543(2) 0.8692(4) 0.6796(3) 0.0278(7) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H10A 0.8147 0.9742 0.6627 0.033 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    H H10B 0.8186 0.7995 0.7264 0.033 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    C C11 0.9630(3) 0.9124(5) 0.7433(4) 0.0411(9) Uani d . 1 1 . .
    H H11A 1.0016 0.8086 0.7632 0.062 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    H H11B 0.9574 0.9744 0.8097 0.062 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
    H H11C 0.9987 0.9813 0.6974 0.062 Uiso calc R 1 1 . .
loop_
    _atom_site_aniso_label
    _atom_site_aniso_U_11
    _atom_site_aniso_U_22
    _atom_site_aniso_U_33
    _atom_site_aniso_U_12
    _atom_site_aniso_U_13
    _atom_site_aniso_U_23
    Br1 0.0157(2) 0.0312(2) 0.0196(2) 0.00459(11) -0.00230(13) 0.00655(11)
    Br2 0.01321(19) 0.0258(2) 0.0200(2) 0.00462(10) 0.00798(13) 0.00194(10)
    S1 0.0078(3) 0.0252(4) 0.0130(3) 0.0008(2) 0.0021(2) 0.0026(2)
    O1 0.0071(8) 0.0178(9) 0.0168(9) -0.0044(7) -0.0001(7) 0.0041(7)
    C1 0.0075(11) 0.0121(11) 0.0160(13) -0.0016(9) 0.0024(10) 0.0002(10)
    C2 0.0096(12) 0.0118(11) 0.0157(12) -0.0010(9) 0.0037(9) -0.0015(10)
    C3 0.0155(13) 0.0152(13) 0.0130(12) 0.0008(10) 0.0045(10) 0.0012(10)
    C4 0.0131(13) 0.0151(12) 0.0133(12) 0.0009(10) -0.0010(10) 0.0026(10)
    C5 0.0097(12) 0.0128(12) 0.0124(12) 0.0005(9) 0.0034(10) 0.0003(9)
    C6 0.0078(12) 0.0104(12) 0.0160(12) -0.0019(9) 0.0032(10) -0.0024(9)
    C7 0.0099(12) 0.0130(12) 0.0157(12) -0.0018(10) 0.0048(9) 0.0023(9)
    C8 0.0102(13) 0.0181(13) 0.0193(13) -0.0037(10) 0.0036(11) 0.0050(10)
    C9 0.0080(13) 0.0205(14) 0.0289(15) -0.0028(10) 0.0025(11) 0.0040(11)
    C10 0.0136(15) 0.0281(16) 0.0406(19) -0.0038(11) 0.0021(13) -0.0073(13)
    C11 0.0219(17) 0.039(2) 0.057(2) -0.0070(15) -0.0077(16) -0.0178(18)
_geom_special_details
;
All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken
into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s.
planes.
;
loop_
    _geom_bond_atom_site_label_1
    _geom_bond_atom_site_label_2
    _geom_bond_site_symmetry_2
    _geom_bond_distance
    _geom_bond_publ_flag
    Br1 C4 . 1.874(3) ?
    Br2 C2 . 1.886(3) ?
    S1 C4 . 1.716(3) ?
    S1 C1 . 1.738(3) ?
    O1 C6 . 1.365(3) ?
    O1 C8 . 1.434(3) ?
    C1 C2 . 1.368(4) ?
    C1 C5 . 1.474(4) ?
    C2 C3 . 1.422(4) ?
    C3 C4 . 1.355(4) ?
    C3 H3 . 0.9300 ?
    C5 C7 . 1.400(4) ?
    C5 C6 . 1.404(4) ?
    C6 C7 3_666 1.387(4) ?
    C7 C6 3_666 1.387(4) ?
    C7 H7 . 0.9300 ?
    C8 C9 . 1.506(4) ?
    C8 H8A . 0.9700 ?
    C8 H8B . 0.9700 ?
    C9 C10 . 1.524(4) ?
    C9 H9A . 0.9700 ?
    C9 H9B . 0.9700 ?
    C10 C11 . 1.517(4) ?
    C10 H10A . 0.9700 ?
    C10 H10B . 0.9700 ?
    C11 H11A . 0.9600 ?
    C11 H11B . 0.9600 ?
    C11 H11C . 0.9600 ?
loop_
    _geom_angle_atom_site_label_1
    _geom_angle_atom_site_label_2
    _geom_angle_atom_site_label_3
    _geom_angle_site_symmetry_1
    _geom_angle_site_symmetry_3
    _geom_angle
    _geom_angle_publ_flag
    C4 S1 C1 . . 91.70(13) ?
    C6 O1 C8 . . 117.94(19) ?
    C2 C1 C5 . . 129.2(2) ?
    C2 C1 S1 . . 109.12(19) ?
    C5 C1 S1 . . 121.31(19) ?
    C1 C2 C3 . . 115.5(2) ?
    C1 C2 Br2 . . 124.6(2) ?
    C3 C2 Br2 . . 119.89(19) ?
    C4 C3 C2 . . 110.2(2) ?
    C4 C3 H3 . . 124.9 ?
    C2 C3 H3 . . 124.9 ?
    C3 C4 S1 . . 113.4(2) ?
    C3 C4 Br1 . . 126.5(2) ?
    S1 C4 Br1 . . 120.03(15) ?
    C7 C5 C6 . . 118.7(2) ?
    C7 C5 C1 . . 119.1(2) ?
    C6 C5 C1 . . 122.2(2) ?
    O1 C6 C7 . 3_666 123.7(2) ?
    O1 C6 C5 . . 116.5(2) ?
    C7 C6 C5 3_666 . 119.8(2) ?
    C6 C7 C5 3_666 . 121.5(2) ?
    C6 C7 H7 3_666 . 119.2 ?
    C5 C7 H7 . . 119.2 ?
    O1 C8 C9 . . 107.2(2) ?
    O1 C8 H8A . . 110.3 ?
    C9 C8 H8A . . 110.3 ?
    O1 C8 H8B . . 110.3 ?
    C9 C8 H8B . . 110.3 ?
    H8A C8 H8B . . 108.5 ?
    C8 C9 C10 . . 113.8(2) ?
    C8 C9 H9A . . 108.8 ?
    C10 C9 H9A . . 108.8 ?
    C8 C9 H9B . . 108.8 ?
    C10 C9 H9B . . 108.8 ?
    H9A C9 H9B . . 107.7 ?
    C11 C10 C9 . . 112.8(3) ?
    C11 C10 H10A . . 109.0 ?
    C9 C10 H10A . . 109.0 ?
    C11 C10 H10B . . 109.0 ?
    C9 C10 H10B . . 109.0 ?
    H10A C10 H10B . . 107.8 ?
    C10 C11 H11A . . 109.5 ?
    C10 C11 H11B . . 109.5 ?
    H11A C11 H11B . . 109.5 ?
    C10 C11 H11C . . 109.5 ?
    H11A C11 H11C . . 109.5 ?
    H11B C11 H11C . . 109.5 ?
loop_
    _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_D
    _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_H
    _geom_hbond_atom_site_label_A
    _geom_hbond_site_symmetry_D
    _geom_hbond_site_symmetry_H
    _geom_hbond_site_symmetry_A
    _geom_hbond_distance_DH
    _geom_hbond_distance_HA
    _geom_hbond_distance_DA
    _geom_hbond_angle_DHA
    _geom_hbond_publ_flag
    C7 H7 Br2 . . 1_555 0.93 2.80 3.289(2) 114 n
_iucr_refine_instructions_details
;
TITL  teh_1181p21c in P 21/c
CELL  1.54180   13.0156    7.8157   12.2264    90.000   101.027    90.000
ZERR     4.00   0.0003    0.0002    0.0002     0.000     0.002     0.000
LATT 1
SYMM  - X ,    0.50000 + Y ,    0.50000 - Z
SFAC C  H  Br O  S
UNIT 44 44 8 4 4
L.S. 25
ACTA
BOND $H
FMAP 2
PLAN 10
CONF
WGHT  0.068600  1.288200
FVAR  9.482840
TEMP  -123
Br1    3   1.068386  0.456191  0.670434 11.000000  0.011370  0.023740 =
           0.017950 -0.001930  0.007610 -0.004630
Br5    3   0.644358  0.226449  0.520180 11.000000  0.013900  0.028970 =
           0.017650 -0.006570 -0.002690 -0.004530
S6     5   0.759077  0.360628  0.750905 11.000000  0.006040  0.023190 =
           0.010960 -0.002530  0.001600 -0.000690
O11    4   0.799447  0.619857  0.923298 11.000000  0.005130  0.016160 =
           0.015460 -0.004260 -0.000420  0.004540
C2     1   0.930572  0.398192  0.683645 11.000000  0.008300  0.010120 =
           0.013090  0.001330  0.003160  0.001350
C3     1   0.859693  0.333329  0.589686 11.000000  0.013890  0.013200 =
           0.011390 -0.001430  0.003980 -0.001080
AFIX 43
H31    2   0.876537  0.312441  0.518622 11.000000 -1.200000
AFIX 0
C4     1   0.764701  0.305657  0.616210 11.000000  0.011770  0.013620 =
           0.011240 -0.002480 -0.001610 -0.000700
C7     1   0.890505  0.418211  0.778374 11.000000  0.005620  0.009950 =
           0.014160 -0.000560  0.002010  0.001360
C8     1   0.944943  0.461668  0.891975 11.000000  0.008480  0.010800 =
           0.009820 -0.000430  0.003060 -0.000550
C9     1   0.898891  0.564415  0.963490 11.000000  0.005100  0.008670 =
           0.013790  0.002150  0.002710  0.002430
C10    1   0.954456  0.604027  1.069142 11.000000  0.007560  0.010090 =
           0.014450 -0.002370  0.004180  0.001930
AFIX 43
H101   2   0.923670  0.677097  1.115985 11.000000 -1.200000
AFIX 0
C12    1   0.750899  0.728498  0.993361 11.000000  0.008690  0.016650 =
           0.017520 -0.005380  0.003910  0.003640
AFIX 23
H121   2   0.792950  0.833539  1.012751 11.000000 -1.200000
H122   2   0.745119  0.668174  1.063127 11.000000 -1.200000
AFIX 0
C13    1   0.643684  0.773250  0.928695 11.000000  0.006610  0.018690 =
           0.026170 -0.002570  0.002330  0.003680
AFIX 23
H131   2   0.607152  0.844463  0.976276 11.000000 -1.200000
H132   2   0.602902  0.666534  0.911061 11.000000 -1.200000
AFIX 0
C14    1   0.645645  0.869364  0.820354 11.000000  0.011680  0.026120 =
           0.037270  0.007900  0.001610  0.003140
AFIX 23
H141   2   0.685808  0.976732  0.837734 11.000000 -1.200000
H142   2   0.682264  0.798617  0.772609 11.000000 -1.200000
AFIX 0
C15    1   0.537008  0.911986  0.756591 11.000000  0.019330  0.036230 =
           0.055330  0.017680 -0.007510  0.007910
AFIX 137
H151   2   0.500321  0.982083  0.803410 11.000000 -1.500000
H152   2   0.497854  0.805910  0.736251 11.000000 -1.500000
H153   2   0.542593  0.975528  0.688875 11.000000 -1.500000
AFIX 0
Q1     1   0.977200  0.824500  1.222800 11.000000  0.050000      0.60
Q2     1   1.097700  0.452400  0.746200 11.000000  0.050000      0.58
Q3     1   0.676400  0.126500  0.740300 11.000000  0.050000      0.53
Q4     1   0.792900  0.451400  0.454100 11.000000  0.050000      0.52
Q5     1   0.932500  0.745800  1.164400 11.000000  0.050000      0.52
Q6     1   0.937800  0.692200  1.199200 11.000000  0.050000      0.51
Q7     1   0.719300  0.340700  0.897600 11.000000  0.050000      0.51
Q8     1   0.873800  0.807500  1.185800 11.000000  0.050000      0.51
Q9     1   0.652200  0.224600  0.597500 11.000000  0.050000      0.50
Q10    1   1.060600  0.450100  0.597600 11.000000  0.050000      0.50
HKLF 4
END
;
data_global
_journal_date_recd_electronic     2011-10-25
_journal_date_accepted     2011-10-28
_journal_name_full     'Acta Crystallographica, Section E'
_journal_year     2011
_journal_volume     67
_journal_issue     12
_journal_page_first     o3183
_journal_page_last     o3183
_journal_paper_category     QO
_journal_coeditor_code     GK2422
_publ_contact_author_name     'Mohammad B. Kassim'
_publ_contact_author_address
;
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology
Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Selangor
Malaysia
Fuel Cell Institute
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Selangor
Malaysia
;
_publ_contact_author_email     mbkassim@ukm.my
_publ_contact_author_fax     '+60389215410'
_publ_contact_author_phone     '+60389213980'
_publ_section_title
;
3,5-Dibromo-2-[2,5-dibutoxy-4-(3,5-dibromothiophen-2-yl)phenyl]thiophene
;
loop_
    _publ_author_name
    _publ_author_footnote
    _publ_author_address
    'Teh, Chin Hoong' .
;
School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology
Faculty of Science & Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor
Malaysia
;
    'Daik, Rusli' .
;
School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology
Faculty of Science & Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor
Malaysia
;
    'Mat Salleh, Muhammad' .
;
Institut of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
UKM 43600 Bangi, Selangor
Malaysia
;
    'Mohamed Tahir, Mohamed Ibrahim' .
;
Department of Chemistry
Faculty of Science
Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
Malaysia
;
    'Kassim, Mohammad B.' .
;
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology
Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Selangor
Malaysia
and
Fuel Cell Institute
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Selangor
Malaysia
;
