Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680703646X/at2352sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680703646X/at2352Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 657868
A mixture of 4-bromobenzaldehyde (5 mmol), ethyl acetoacetate (10 mmol) and ammonium acetate (10 mmol) was refluxed in ethanol (10 ml) for 5 h. The reaction mixture was poured in cold water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give an analytically pure compound. The crude product was purified by recrystallization from ethanol to afford 1,4-dihydropyridines in 90% yields.
All H atoms were localized on Fourier maps, but introduced in calculated positions and treated as riding on their parent C atom, with N—H = 082, C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C, N) or 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl).
1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) have recently received great attention because of their wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory behaviour. Furthermore, these compounds have emerged as the integral backbones of several calcium channel blockers (Litvic et al., 2005), and as drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension (Bossert et al., 1981; Nakayama et al., 1996; Mulder et al., 2006). The dihydropyridine skeleton is common in many vasodilator, bronchiodilator, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic agents (Mannhold et al., 1992). They are also known as neuroprotectants, as anti-platelet treatment of aggregators and are important in Alzheimer's disease as anti-ischaemic agents (Klusa, 1995; Bretzel et al., 1993). Among the 1,4-dihydropyridines there are also drug-resistance modifiers (Sridhar et al., 2005), antioxidants (Heravi et al., 2005) and a drug for the treatment of urinary urge incontinence (Moseley et al., 2005). Interest in 1,4-dihydropyridines is also sustained by their structural closeness to nicotinamide dinucleotide, a cofactor used by many reductases in metabolism (Tewari et al., 2004). Although 1,4-dihydropyridines with various aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and sugar substituents at C-4 have been reported as anti-tuberculosis agents (Geirsson et al., 1996). The simplest and the most straightforward procedure, originally reported by Hantzsch, involves the three-component, one-pot condensation of an aldehyde, β-keto ester, and ammonia under strongly refluxing conditions (Hantzsch, 1882). Therefore, synthesis of the 1,4-dihydropyridine nucleus continuously received the attention of scientists. This has led to the recent disclosure of several improved reaction procedures for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines, by either modification of the classical one-pot Hantzsch approach itself, or the development of novel, but more complex multistep strategies (Breitenbucher et al., 2000; Tu et al., 2001; Dondoni et al., 2004; Bennasar et al., 2005; Gómez et al., 2005). As a part of our program aiming at developing selective and environmental friendly methodologies for the reparation of fine chemicals and in continuation of our interest in new catalysts for multi-component reactions (Debache et al., 2006), in this paper, we wish to highlight our finding about the four-component Hantzsch reaction in refluxing ethanol as a solvent. In this study, we have synthesized diethyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, (I), and characterized by X-ray diffraction method.
The molecular geometry and the atom-numbering scheme of (I) are shown in Fig. 1. The asymmetric unit of title compound contains a dimethyldihydropyridine group linked to a bromophenyl moiety and two ethylcarboxylate.
The geometric parameters of (I) are in agreement with those of other structures possessing a dihydropyridine substituent previously reported in the literature (Doreswamy et al., 2004; Mahendra et al., 2004).
The dihydropyridine ring adopts a flat boat conformation when C4 and N1 atoms are significantly displaced from dihydropyridine ring by -0.144 and 0.106 Å respectively, and its mean plane forms dihedral angles of 89.32 (5)° with phenyl substituent.
The crystal structure can be described by layers which dihydropyridine ring is parallel to (101) plane (Fig. 2).
The packing of (I) is stabilized by classical intramolecular C—H···O and intermolecular N—H···O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of two dimensional network (Fig. 2). Additional hydrogen-bonding parameters are listed in Table 1.
For synthesis, see: Dondoni et al. (2004); Bennasar et al. (2005). For geometry, see: Doreswamy et al. (2004); Mahendra et al. (2004). For applications, see: Mulder et al. (2006); Litvic et al. (2005); Moseley (2005). For related literature, see: Bossert et al. (1981); Breitenbucher & Figliozzi (2000); Bretzel et al. (1993); Debache et al. (2006); Geirsson & Johannesdottir (1996); Gómez et al. (2005); Hantzsch (1882); Heravi et al. (2005); Klusa (1995); Mannhold et al. (1992); Nakayama & Kasoka (1996); Sridhar & Perumal (2005); Tewari et al. (2004); Tu et al. (2001).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2003); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2003); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR2002 (Burla et al., 2003); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
C19H22BrNO4 | F(000) = 840 |
Mr = 408.28 | Dx = 1.505 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2yn | Cell parameters from 8206 reflections |
a = 10.0597 (5) Å | θ = 2.3–27.5° |
b = 7.4244 (4) Å | µ = 2.30 mm−1 |
c = 24.3726 (13) Å | T = 295 K |
β = 98.126 (2)° | Prism, colourless |
V = 1802.05 (16) Å3 | 0.15 × 0.11 × 0.1 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | Rint = 0.044 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.7° |
CCD rotation images, thin slices, φ scans, and ω | h = −12→13 |
19743 measured reflections | k = −9→9 |
4132 independent reflections | l = −31→30 |
3460 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.027 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0459P)2 + 0.9623P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.13 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
4132 reflections | Δρmax = 0.55 e Å−3 |
230 parameters | Δρmin = −0.33 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997) |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: none |
C19H22BrNO4 | V = 1802.05 (16) Å3 |
Mr = 408.28 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 10.0597 (5) Å | µ = 2.30 mm−1 |
b = 7.4244 (4) Å | T = 295 K |
c = 24.3726 (13) Å | 0.15 × 0.11 × 0.1 mm |
β = 98.126 (2)° |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | 3460 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
19743 measured reflections | Rint = 0.044 |
4132 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.027 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.13 | Δρmax = 0.55 e Å−3 |
4132 reflections | Δρmin = −0.33 e Å−3 |
230 parameters |
Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Br | 0.53359 (2) | 0.25548 (3) | 0.27107 (1) | 0.0231 (1) | |
O1 | 1.15604 (14) | −0.0716 (2) | 0.14212 (6) | 0.0248 (5) | |
O2 | 1.07916 (15) | 0.2138 (2) | 0.13729 (6) | 0.0213 (4) | |
O3 | 0.72372 (13) | 0.42820 (18) | 0.00338 (6) | 0.0180 (4) | |
O4 | 0.57284 (14) | 0.24035 (17) | −0.04326 (6) | 0.0181 (4) | |
N1 | 0.81110 (17) | −0.1926 (2) | 0.02334 (7) | 0.0158 (4) | |
C1 | 1.0102 (2) | −0.3304 (3) | 0.07312 (9) | 0.0204 (6) | |
C2 | 0.92482 (18) | −0.1649 (3) | 0.06168 (8) | 0.0151 (5) | |
C3 | 0.95008 (18) | 0.0016 (3) | 0.08344 (8) | 0.0138 (5) | |
C4 | 0.84771 (18) | 0.1524 (3) | 0.07128 (7) | 0.0133 (5) | |
C5 | 0.75149 (18) | 0.1147 (3) | 0.01826 (7) | 0.0127 (5) | |
C6 | 0.73320 (18) | −0.0549 (3) | −0.00198 (7) | 0.0136 (5) | |
C7 | 0.63769 (19) | −0.1155 (3) | −0.05182 (8) | 0.0181 (6) | |
C8 | 0.68440 (19) | 0.2753 (2) | −0.00735 (8) | 0.0130 (5) | |
C9 | 0.51398 (19) | 0.3921 (3) | −0.07597 (8) | 0.0193 (6) | |
C10 | 0.5891 (2) | 0.4244 (3) | −0.12397 (9) | 0.0303 (7) | |
C11 | 1.07165 (18) | 0.0371 (3) | 0.12318 (8) | 0.0169 (6) | |
C12 | 1.1835 (2) | 0.2660 (3) | 0.18190 (10) | 0.0264 (7) | |
C13 | 1.1395 (3) | 0.2357 (3) | 0.23741 (10) | 0.0292 (7) | |
C14 | 0.76975 (18) | 0.1802 (3) | 0.12001 (7) | 0.0137 (5) | |
C15 | 0.6847 (2) | 0.0454 (3) | 0.13475 (8) | 0.0184 (6) | |
C16 | 0.6134 (2) | 0.0666 (3) | 0.17933 (8) | 0.0201 (6) | |
C17 | 0.6288 (2) | 0.2243 (3) | 0.20965 (8) | 0.0170 (6) | |
C18 | 0.7117 (2) | 0.3610 (3) | 0.19590 (8) | 0.0208 (6) | |
C19 | 0.7813 (2) | 0.3375 (3) | 0.15105 (8) | 0.0193 (6) | |
H1 | 0.78782 | −0.30168 | 0.01486 | 0.0190* | |
H1A | 1.09448 | −0.31251 | 0.05973 | 0.0305* | |
H1B | 0.96477 | −0.43187 | 0.05462 | 0.0305* | |
H1C | 1.02581 | −0.35245 | 0.11231 | 0.0305* | |
H4 | 0.89637 | 0.26388 | 0.06592 | 0.0159* | |
H7A | 0.54706 | −0.10591 | −0.04401 | 0.0271* | |
H7B | 0.65646 | −0.23841 | −0.06021 | 0.0271* | |
H7C | 0.64872 | −0.04066 | −0.08299 | 0.0271* | |
H9A | 0.51786 | 0.49911 | −0.05295 | 0.0232* | |
H9B | 0.42047 | 0.36700 | −0.08950 | 0.0232* | |
H10A | 0.68067 | 0.45441 | −0.11041 | 0.0455* | |
H10B | 0.54807 | 0.52207 | −0.14601 | 0.0455* | |
H10C | 0.58662 | 0.31751 | −0.14624 | 0.0455* | |
H12A | 1.20504 | 0.39234 | 0.17800 | 0.0317* | |
H12B | 1.26403 | 0.19640 | 0.17941 | 0.0317* | |
H13A | 1.05396 | 0.29215 | 0.23823 | 0.0437* | |
H13B | 1.20446 | 0.28677 | 0.26579 | 0.0437* | |
H13C | 1.13192 | 0.10873 | 0.24375 | 0.0437* | |
H15 | 0.67545 | −0.06086 | 0.11435 | 0.0220* | |
H16 | 0.55656 | −0.02388 | 0.18853 | 0.0241* | |
H18 | 0.72077 | 0.46701 | 0.21640 | 0.0249* | |
H19 | 0.83673 | 0.42932 | 0.14163 | 0.0232* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Br | 0.0243 (1) | 0.0300 (2) | 0.0161 (1) | 0.0065 (1) | 0.0068 (1) | −0.0015 (1) |
O1 | 0.0172 (7) | 0.0324 (9) | 0.0236 (8) | 0.0037 (6) | −0.0011 (6) | 0.0056 (6) |
O2 | 0.0174 (7) | 0.0263 (8) | 0.0184 (8) | −0.0045 (6) | −0.0032 (6) | −0.0026 (6) |
O3 | 0.0208 (7) | 0.0123 (7) | 0.0201 (7) | 0.0007 (5) | 0.0004 (5) | −0.0008 (5) |
O4 | 0.0179 (7) | 0.0148 (7) | 0.0195 (8) | −0.0010 (5) | −0.0044 (6) | 0.0042 (5) |
N1 | 0.0183 (8) | 0.0097 (7) | 0.0187 (8) | −0.0010 (6) | 0.0002 (6) | −0.0012 (6) |
C1 | 0.0202 (10) | 0.0182 (10) | 0.0234 (11) | 0.0044 (8) | 0.0055 (8) | 0.0035 (8) |
C2 | 0.0147 (9) | 0.0167 (10) | 0.0144 (9) | 0.0010 (7) | 0.0041 (7) | 0.0033 (7) |
C3 | 0.0138 (8) | 0.0164 (9) | 0.0117 (9) | 0.0003 (7) | 0.0032 (7) | 0.0016 (7) |
C4 | 0.0149 (8) | 0.0124 (9) | 0.0122 (9) | −0.0023 (7) | 0.0011 (7) | −0.0003 (7) |
C5 | 0.0132 (8) | 0.0133 (9) | 0.0118 (9) | −0.0005 (7) | 0.0027 (7) | 0.0008 (7) |
C6 | 0.0151 (9) | 0.0149 (10) | 0.0110 (9) | −0.0006 (7) | 0.0027 (7) | 0.0013 (7) |
C7 | 0.0215 (10) | 0.0153 (10) | 0.0163 (10) | −0.0016 (8) | −0.0011 (8) | −0.0030 (7) |
C8 | 0.0137 (9) | 0.0157 (10) | 0.0103 (9) | −0.0004 (7) | 0.0044 (7) | −0.0002 (7) |
C9 | 0.0176 (9) | 0.0165 (10) | 0.0218 (10) | 0.0019 (8) | −0.0043 (8) | 0.0053 (8) |
C10 | 0.0378 (13) | 0.0325 (13) | 0.0202 (11) | 0.0103 (10) | 0.0023 (9) | 0.0078 (9) |
C11 | 0.0144 (9) | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0127 (9) | −0.0024 (7) | 0.0038 (7) | 0.0024 (7) |
C12 | 0.0195 (10) | 0.0386 (14) | 0.0198 (11) | −0.0103 (9) | −0.0013 (9) | −0.0050 (9) |
C13 | 0.0273 (12) | 0.0371 (14) | 0.0226 (12) | −0.0052 (9) | 0.0020 (9) | −0.0058 (9) |
C14 | 0.0135 (9) | 0.0157 (9) | 0.0111 (8) | 0.0013 (7) | −0.0007 (7) | 0.0003 (7) |
C15 | 0.0242 (10) | 0.0152 (10) | 0.0162 (9) | −0.0022 (8) | 0.0048 (8) | −0.0034 (7) |
C16 | 0.0222 (10) | 0.0206 (10) | 0.0180 (10) | −0.0028 (8) | 0.0047 (8) | 0.0007 (8) |
C17 | 0.0163 (9) | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0106 (9) | 0.0064 (7) | 0.0027 (7) | 0.0003 (7) |
C18 | 0.0226 (10) | 0.0185 (10) | 0.0210 (10) | −0.0001 (8) | 0.0022 (8) | −0.0070 (8) |
C19 | 0.0202 (10) | 0.0173 (10) | 0.0205 (10) | −0.0025 (8) | 0.0028 (8) | −0.0032 (8) |
Br—C17 | 1.902 (2) | C16—C17 | 1.382 (3) |
O1—C11 | 1.214 (2) | C17—C18 | 1.385 (3) |
O2—C11 | 1.356 (3) | C18—C19 | 1.390 (3) |
O2—C12 | 1.453 (3) | C1—H1A | 0.9600 |
O3—C8 | 1.218 (2) | C1—H1B | 0.9600 |
O4—C8 | 1.347 (2) | C1—H1C | 0.9600 |
O4—C9 | 1.457 (3) | C4—H4 | 0.9800 |
N1—C2 | 1.386 (3) | C7—H7A | 0.9600 |
N1—C6 | 1.380 (3) | C7—H7B | 0.9600 |
N1—H1 | 0.8600 | C7—H7C | 0.9600 |
C1—C2 | 1.503 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9700 |
C2—C3 | 1.355 (3) | C9—H9B | 0.9700 |
C3—C11 | 1.473 (3) | C10—H10A | 0.9600 |
C3—C4 | 1.522 (3) | C10—H10B | 0.9600 |
C4—C14 | 1.527 (2) | C10—H10C | 0.9600 |
C4—C5 | 1.527 (2) | C12—H12A | 0.9700 |
C5—C6 | 1.355 (3) | C12—H12B | 0.9700 |
C5—C8 | 1.466 (3) | C13—H13A | 0.9600 |
C6—C7 | 1.507 (3) | C13—H13B | 0.9600 |
C9—C10 | 1.499 (3) | C13—H13C | 0.9600 |
C12—C13 | 1.499 (3) | C15—H15 | 0.9300 |
C14—C19 | 1.387 (3) | C16—H16 | 0.9300 |
C14—C15 | 1.396 (3) | C18—H18 | 0.9300 |
C15—C16 | 1.393 (3) | C19—H19 | 0.9300 |
C11—O2—C12 | 117.15 (16) | H1A—C1—H1C | 110.00 |
C8—O4—C9 | 116.32 (14) | H1B—C1—H1C | 109.00 |
C2—N1—C6 | 123.64 (17) | C3—C4—H4 | 108.00 |
C6—N1—H1 | 118.00 | C5—C4—H4 | 108.00 |
C2—N1—H1 | 118.00 | C14—C4—H4 | 108.00 |
N1—C2—C3 | 119.37 (18) | C6—C7—H7A | 109.00 |
N1—C2—C1 | 113.54 (18) | C6—C7—H7B | 109.00 |
C1—C2—C3 | 127.07 (18) | C6—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
C4—C3—C11 | 118.21 (18) | H7A—C7—H7B | 109.00 |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.71 (17) | H7A—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
C2—C3—C11 | 120.87 (19) | H7B—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
C3—C4—C14 | 110.84 (16) | O4—C9—H9A | 110.00 |
C3—C4—C5 | 111.13 (17) | O4—C9—H9B | 110.00 |
C5—C4—C14 | 110.44 (15) | C10—C9—H9A | 110.00 |
C4—C5—C8 | 114.20 (18) | C10—C9—H9B | 110.00 |
C4—C5—C6 | 121.03 (18) | H9A—C9—H9B | 108.00 |
C6—C5—C8 | 124.76 (16) | C9—C10—H10A | 109.00 |
N1—C6—C7 | 113.35 (18) | C9—C10—H10B | 109.00 |
C5—C6—C7 | 127.52 (18) | C9—C10—H10C | 109.00 |
N1—C6—C5 | 119.10 (16) | H10A—C10—H10B | 109.00 |
O4—C8—C5 | 114.28 (14) | H10A—C10—H10C | 109.00 |
O3—C8—O4 | 122.29 (16) | H10B—C10—H10C | 109.00 |
O3—C8—C5 | 123.41 (18) | O2—C12—H12A | 109.00 |
O4—C9—C10 | 109.88 (16) | O2—C12—H12B | 109.00 |
O2—C11—C3 | 110.57 (17) | C13—C12—H12A | 109.00 |
O1—C11—C3 | 127.0 (2) | C13—C12—H12B | 109.00 |
O1—C11—O2 | 122.40 (18) | H12A—C12—H12B | 108.00 |
O2—C12—C13 | 111.17 (18) | C12—C13—H13A | 109.00 |
C15—C14—C19 | 118.05 (17) | C12—C13—H13B | 109.00 |
C4—C14—C15 | 120.27 (18) | C12—C13—H13C | 109.00 |
C4—C14—C19 | 121.69 (18) | H13A—C13—H13B | 109.00 |
C14—C15—C16 | 121.44 (19) | H13A—C13—H13C | 109.00 |
C15—C16—C17 | 118.8 (2) | H13B—C13—H13C | 109.00 |
Br—C17—C18 | 119.27 (16) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.00 |
Br—C17—C16 | 119.56 (16) | C16—C15—H15 | 119.00 |
C16—C17—C18 | 121.17 (19) | C15—C16—H16 | 121.00 |
C17—C18—C19 | 119.1 (2) | C17—C16—H16 | 121.00 |
C14—C19—C18 | 121.46 (19) | C17—C18—H18 | 120.00 |
C2—C1—H1A | 109.00 | C19—C18—H18 | 120.00 |
C2—C1—H1B | 109.00 | C14—C19—H19 | 119.00 |
C2—C1—H1C | 109.00 | C18—C19—H19 | 119.00 |
H1A—C1—H1B | 109.00 | ||
C11—O2—C12—C13 | −83.5 (2) | C14—C4—C5—C6 | −102.3 (2) |
C12—O2—C11—O1 | −7.9 (3) | C14—C4—C5—C8 | 78.0 (2) |
C12—O2—C11—C3 | 171.77 (16) | C3—C4—C14—C15 | −65.5 (2) |
C8—O4—C9—C10 | 80.4 (2) | C3—C4—C14—C19 | 114.0 (2) |
C9—O4—C8—O3 | 10.3 (3) | C5—C4—C14—C15 | 58.1 (2) |
C9—O4—C8—C5 | −171.06 (15) | C5—C4—C14—C19 | −122.3 (2) |
C6—N1—C2—C1 | −166.26 (17) | C4—C5—C6—C7 | 176.77 (17) |
C6—N1—C2—C3 | 12.1 (3) | C8—C5—C6—N1 | 174.40 (17) |
C2—N1—C6—C5 | −12.9 (3) | C8—C5—C6—C7 | −3.5 (3) |
C2—N1—C6—C7 | 165.30 (17) | C4—C5—C8—O3 | 17.5 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C11 | −0.3 (3) | C4—C5—C8—O4 | −161.12 (16) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | 6.9 (3) | C6—C5—C8—O3 | −162.23 (19) |
N1—C2—C3—C11 | −178.42 (17) | C6—C5—C8—O4 | 19.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −174.97 (18) | C4—C5—C6—N1 | −5.4 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C14 | 101.3 (2) | C4—C14—C15—C16 | 179.40 (18) |
C11—C3—C4—C5 | 163.28 (17) | C19—C14—C15—C16 | −0.2 (3) |
C11—C3—C4—C14 | −73.5 (2) | C4—C14—C19—C18 | −178.99 (18) |
C2—C3—C11—O1 | −3.2 (3) | C15—C14—C19—C18 | 0.6 (3) |
C2—C3—C11—O2 | 177.10 (17) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | −0.6 (3) |
C4—C3—C11—O1 | 171.59 (19) | C15—C16—C17—Br | −179.49 (15) |
C4—C3—C11—O2 | −8.1 (2) | C15—C16—C17—C18 | 1.0 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −21.9 (2) | Br—C17—C18—C19 | 179.87 (15) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 21.2 (2) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | −0.6 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—C8 | −158.58 (16) | C17—C18—C19—C14 | −0.2 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.86 | 2.11 | 2.969 (2) | 173 |
C4—H4···O3 | 0.98 | 2.47 | 2.811 (2) | 100 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C19H22BrNO4 |
Mr | 408.28 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 295 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.0597 (5), 7.4244 (4), 24.3726 (13) |
β (°) | 98.126 (2) |
V (Å3) | 1802.05 (16) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 2.30 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.15 × 0.11 × 0.1 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 19743, 4132, 3460 |
Rint | 0.044 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.650 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.027, 0.093, 1.13 |
No. of reflections | 4132 |
No. of parameters | 230 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.55, −0.33 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2003), SAINT (Bruker, 2003), SAINT, SIR2002 (Burla et al., 2003), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O3i | 0.86 | 2.11 | 2.969 (2) | 173 |
C4—H4···O3 | 0.98 | 2.47 | 2.811 (2) | 100 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z. |
1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) have recently received great attention because of their wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory behaviour. Furthermore, these compounds have emerged as the integral backbones of several calcium channel blockers (Litvic et al., 2005), and as drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension (Bossert et al., 1981; Nakayama et al., 1996; Mulder et al., 2006). The dihydropyridine skeleton is common in many vasodilator, bronchiodilator, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic agents (Mannhold et al., 1992). They are also known as neuroprotectants, as anti-platelet treatment of aggregators and are important in Alzheimer's disease as anti-ischaemic agents (Klusa, 1995; Bretzel et al., 1993). Among the 1,4-dihydropyridines there are also drug-resistance modifiers (Sridhar et al., 2005), antioxidants (Heravi et al., 2005) and a drug for the treatment of urinary urge incontinence (Moseley et al., 2005). Interest in 1,4-dihydropyridines is also sustained by their structural closeness to nicotinamide dinucleotide, a cofactor used by many reductases in metabolism (Tewari et al., 2004). Although 1,4-dihydropyridines with various aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and sugar substituents at C-4 have been reported as anti-tuberculosis agents (Geirsson et al., 1996). The simplest and the most straightforward procedure, originally reported by Hantzsch, involves the three-component, one-pot condensation of an aldehyde, β-keto ester, and ammonia under strongly refluxing conditions (Hantzsch, 1882). Therefore, synthesis of the 1,4-dihydropyridine nucleus continuously received the attention of scientists. This has led to the recent disclosure of several improved reaction procedures for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines, by either modification of the classical one-pot Hantzsch approach itself, or the development of novel, but more complex multistep strategies (Breitenbucher et al., 2000; Tu et al., 2001; Dondoni et al., 2004; Bennasar et al., 2005; Gómez et al., 2005). As a part of our program aiming at developing selective and environmental friendly methodologies for the reparation of fine chemicals and in continuation of our interest in new catalysts for multi-component reactions (Debache et al., 2006), in this paper, we wish to highlight our finding about the four-component Hantzsch reaction in refluxing ethanol as a solvent. In this study, we have synthesized diethyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, (I), and characterized by X-ray diffraction method.
The molecular geometry and the atom-numbering scheme of (I) are shown in Fig. 1. The asymmetric unit of title compound contains a dimethyldihydropyridine group linked to a bromophenyl moiety and two ethylcarboxylate.
The geometric parameters of (I) are in agreement with those of other structures possessing a dihydropyridine substituent previously reported in the literature (Doreswamy et al., 2004; Mahendra et al., 2004).
The dihydropyridine ring adopts a flat boat conformation when C4 and N1 atoms are significantly displaced from dihydropyridine ring by -0.144 and 0.106 Å respectively, and its mean plane forms dihedral angles of 89.32 (5)° with phenyl substituent.
The crystal structure can be described by layers which dihydropyridine ring is parallel to (101) plane (Fig. 2).
The packing of (I) is stabilized by classical intramolecular C—H···O and intermolecular N—H···O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of two dimensional network (Fig. 2). Additional hydrogen-bonding parameters are listed in Table 1.