We develop a self-consistent Maxwell-Bloch formalism for the interaction of x-rays with two-dimensional crystalline materials by incorporating the Bloch theorem and Coulomb many-body interaction. This formalism is illustrated for graphene, by calculating the polarization-dependent XANES, formulating expressions for the radiative and Meinter-Auger recombination of core holes, and the discussion of microscopic insights into the spectral oscillations of EXAFS beyond point scattering theory. In particular, the correct inclusion of lattice periodicity in our evaluation allows us to assign so far uninterpreted spectral features in the Fourier transformed EXAFS spectrum.

• Received 24 October 2022
• Revised 20 January 2023
• Accepted 6 February 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.023002

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society