van der Waals Interactions in Hadron Resonance Gas: From Nuclear Matter to Lattice QCD

Volodymyr Vovchenko, Mark I. Gorenstein, and Horst Stoecker
Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 182301 – Published 3 May 2017

Abstract

An extension of the ideal hadron resonance gas (HRG) model is constructed which includes the attractive and repulsive van der Waals (VDW) interactions between baryons. This VDW-HRG model yields the nuclear liquid-gas transition at low temperatures and high baryon densities. The VDW parameters a and b are fixed by the ground state properties of nuclear matter, and the temperature dependence of various thermodynamic observables at zero chemical potential are calculated within the VDW-HRG model. Compared to the ideal HRG model, the inclusion of VDW interactions between baryons leads to a qualitatively different behavior of second and higher moments of fluctuations of conserved charges, in particular in the so-called crossover region T140190MeV. For many observables this behavior resembles closely the results obtained from lattice QCD simulations. This hadronic model also predicts nontrivial behavior of net-baryon fluctuations in the region of phase diagram probed by heavy-ion collision experiments. These results imply that VDW interactions play a crucial role in the thermodynamics of hadron gas. Thus, the commonly performed comparisons of the ideal HRG model with the lattice and heavy-ion data may lead to misconceptions and misleading conclusions.

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  • Received 15 November 2016

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.182301

© 2017 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Nuclear Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Volodymyr Vovchenko1,2,3, Mark I. Gorenstein4,1, and Horst Stoecker1,2,5

  • 1Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 2Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 3Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, 03022 Kiev, Ukraine
  • 4Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine
  • 5GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany

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Issue

Vol. 118, Iss. 18 — 5 May 2017

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