We extend the energetic variational approach so it can be applied to a chemical reaction system with general mass action kinetics. Our approach starts with an energy-dissipation law. We show that the chemical equilibrium is determined by the choice of the free energy and the dynamics of the chemical reaction is determined by the choice of the dissipation. This approach enables us to couple chemical reactions with other effects, such as diffusion and drift in an electric field. As an illustration, we apply our approach to a nonequilibrium reaction-diffusion system in a specific but canonical setup. We show by numerical simulations that the input-output relation of such a system depends on the choice of the dissipation.

• Received 8 April 2020
• Revised 13 October 2020
• Accepted 24 November 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.102.062147