Modular symmetry offers the possibility to provide an origin of discrete flavor symmetry and to break it along particular symmetry preserving directions without introducing flavons or driving fields. It is also possible to use a weighton field to account for charged fermion mass hierarchies rather than a Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. Such an approach can be applied to flavored grand unified theories (GUTs) which can be greatly simplified using modular forms. As an example, we consider a modular version of a previously proposed $S_4\times SU(5)$ GUT, with Gatto-Sartori-Tonin and Georgi-Jarlskog relations, in which all flavons and driving fields are removed, with their effect replaced by modular forms with moduli assumed to be at various fixed points, rendering the theory much simpler. In the neutrino sector there are two right-handed neutrinos constituting a Littlest Seesaw model satisfying constrained sequential dominance where the two columns of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are proportional to $(0,1,-1)$ and $(1,n,2-n)$ respectively, and $n=1+\sqrt{6}\approx 3.45$ is prescribed by the modular symmetry, with predictions subject to charged lepton mixing corrections. We perform a numerical analysis, showing quark and lepton mass and mixing correlations around the best fit points.

• Received 12 May 2021
• Accepted 23 August 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.055034

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Published by the American Physical Society