Lithium motion in the anode material LiC6 as seen via time-domain 7Li NMR

J. Langer, V. Epp, P. Heitjans, F. A. Mautner, and M. Wilkening
Phys. Rev. B 88, 094304 – Published 16 September 2013

Abstract

Since the commercialization of rechargeable lithium-ion energy storage systems in the early 1990s, graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have served as the number one negative electrode material in most of today's batteries. During charging the performance of a battery is closely tied with facile Li insertion into the graphite host structure. So far, only occasionally time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been reported to study Li self-diffusion parameters in GICs. Here, we used several NMR techniques to enlighten Li hopping motions from an atomic-scale point of view. Li self-diffusion in the stage-1 GIC LiC6 has been studied comparatively by temperature-variable spin-spin relaxation NMR as well as (rotating frame) spin-lattice relaxation NMR. The data collected yield information on both the relevant activation energies and jump rates, which can directly be transformed into Li self-diffusion coefficients. At room temperature the Li self-diffusion coefficient turns out to be 1015m2s1, thus, slightly lower than that for layer-structured cathode materials such as Lix0.7TiS2.

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  • Received 28 June 2013

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.094304

©2013 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

J. Langer1,*, V. Epp1,†, P. Heitjans2, F. A. Mautner1, and M. Wilkening1,‡

  • 1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries, and Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
  • 2Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany

  • *The authors were equally involved in experimental work, data analysis, and project planning. Corresponding author: julia.langer@tugraz.at
  • See also for correspondence: viktor.epp@tugraz.at
  • See also for correspondence: wilkening@tugraz.at

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Issue

Vol. 88, Iss. 9 — 1 September 2013

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