All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal $\mathrm{Cs}{\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{5}$

All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$

Junhong Yu, Yadong Han, Qiangwei Yin, Zhengwei Nie, Longyu Wang, Chunsheng Gong, Zhijun Tu, Fang Xu, Yonggang Liu, Hang Zhang, Oleg V. Misochko, Sheng Meng, Hechang Lei, and Jianbo Hu

Phys. Rev. B 107, 174303 – Published 5 May 2023

Abstract

A major challenge in condensed matter physics is to manipulate collective quantum phases by all-optical methods, which can open enormous new possibilities for materials and device engineering. Here we report an anomalous optical modulation of charge density waves (CDWs) in recently discovered kagome metal $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$ using femtosecond-resolved coherent phonon spectroscopy. This optically suppressed CDW phase surprisingly persists for nanoseconds, exhibits a monotonically lowering of transition temperature with increasing fluence, and does not require a critical absorbed photon density, which is intriguingly distinct from those found in the “optically suppressed potential energy” scenario. Pump-pump-probe experiments conclusively rule out the laser-induced thermal effect and time-dependent density functional theory simulations confirm that this nonthermal modulation stems from an optical tuning of the energy resonance between the band fermiology and the Van Hove singularity in kagome lattices. These findings open exciting prospects for all-optical engineering of the Van Hove scenario to tune correlated quantum phases in topology networks.

Received 6 September 2022
Accepted 24 April 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.174303

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Charge density waves Flat bands Lattice dynamics Phonons Photoinduced effect

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Junhong Yu¹, Yadong Han^1,2, Qiangwei Yin³, Zhengwei Nie⁴, Longyu Wang^1,2, Chunsheng Gong³, Zhijun Tu³, Fang Xu², Yonggang Liu², Hang Zhang^1,2, Oleg V. Misochko⁵, Sheng Meng^4,*, Hechang Lei^3,†, and Jianbo Hu ^1,2,‡

¹Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
²State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
³Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
⁴Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁵Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia

^*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: smeng@iphy.ac.cn
^†Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: hlei@ruc.edu.cn
^‡Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: jianbo.hu@caep.cn

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Vol. 107, Iss. 17 — 1 May 2023

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Figure 1
Temperature-dependent coherent phonon spectra of $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$ with the pump fluence ( $F$ ) of $\sim 3.2 µ J / c m^{2}$ . (a) Transient photoinduced coherent oscillations after subtracting the incoherent electronic response (the left panel) and corresponding FFTs (the right panel). The curves are offset vertically for clarity. (b) Normalized two-dimensional color map of the Fourier transform as a function of temperature and frequency. Two charge density orders with distinct transition temperatures can be resolved. (c) Sliding window FT (SWFT) for $T = 80$ K (right panel) and $T = 70$ K (left panel). At 80 K (below the equilibrium CDW transition temperature), the absence of the recovery process in the measured time window is observed.
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Figure 2
Pump-pump-probe coherent phonon spectra of $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$ at 80 K. (a) Schematic of the three-pulse experiment. The fluence of each pump pulse is $\sim 1.6 µ J / c m^{2}$ . More details of the pump-pump-probe experiment are provided in Supplemental Material, Note 2 [29]. (b) Normalized two-dimensional color map of transient photoinduced coherent oscillations as a function of the pump-pump delay and the pump-probe delay. The white dashed line marks the pump-pump delay time when the peak value of $Δ R / R_{0}$ flips the sign. The black dashed line marks the pump-pump delay time when the multiple-mode oscillation occurs. (c) Transient photoinduced coherent oscillations (left panel) and corresponding FFTs (right panel) at five representative pump-pump delay times. (d) Normalized two-dimensional color map of the Fourier transform as a function of the pump-pump delay and frequency. The white dashed line marks the pump-pump delay time when the multiple-mode oscillation occurs.
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Figure 3
Fluence-dependent CDW states. Upper panel: Fluence-dependent transition temperature of the first and the second CDW state. The dashed line is a guide to the eye. Bottom panel: Three representative 2D coherent phonon maps for $F = 1.6 µ J / c m^{2}$ (left panel), $F = 6.4 µ J / c m^{2}$ (middle panel), and $F = 12.8 µ J / c m^{2}$ (right panel), which exhibit a distinct transition temperature.
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Figure 4
A possible mechanism to explain anomalous optical modulation. (a) A schematic to show optical tuning of the Van Hove scenario in $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$ . Nonequilibrium Fermi energy shifting after optical pumping change suppresses the electronic correlations in the kagome lattice. $E_{F}^{e}$ and $E_{F}^{h}$ denote the quasi-Fermi energy of electrons and holes under nonequilibrium condition, respectively. (b) The calculated Fermi surface change and the imaginary part of electric susceptibility (a measure of the charge ordering strength) with different Fermi level shifting.
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Physical Review B

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All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$

Junhong Yu, Yadong Han, Qiangwei Yin, Zhengwei Nie, Longyu Wang, Chunsheng Gong, Zhijun Tu, Fang Xu, Yonggang Liu, Hang Zhang, Oleg V. Misochko, Sheng Meng, Hechang Lei, and Jianbo Hu

Phys. Rev. B 107, 174303 – Published 5 May 2023

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Physical Review B

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All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal CsV3Sb5

Junhong Yu, Yadong Han, Qiangwei Yin, Zhengwei Nie, Longyu Wang, Chunsheng Gong, Zhijun Tu, Fang Xu, Yonggang Liu, Hang Zhang, Oleg V. Misochko, Sheng Meng, Hechang Lei, and Jianbo Hu

Phys. Rev. B 107, 174303 – Published 5 May 2023

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All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal $Cs V_{3} {Sb}_{5}$