Abstract
A class of three-space-dimensional soliton solutions is given; these solitons are made of scalar fields and are of a nontopological nature. The necessary conditions for having such soliton solutions are (i) the conservation of an additive quantum number, say , and (ii) the presence of a neutral () scalar field. It is shown that there exist two critical values of the additive quantum number, and , with smaller than . Soliton solutions exist for . When , the lowest soliton mass is , where is the mass of the free charged meson field; therefore, there are solitons that are stable quantum mechanically as well as classically. When is between and , the soliton mass is ; nevertheless, the lowest-energy soliton solution can be shown to be always classically stable, though quantum-mechanically metastable. The canonical quantization procedures are carried out. General theorems on stability are established, and specific numerical results of the solition solutions are given.
- Received 19 January 1976
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.13.2739
©1976 American Physical Society