Figure 1

(a) Projection view of a relaxed $(10\overline{1}2)[10\overline{1}\overline{1}]$ TB (viewing direction $[1\overline{2}10]$). The basal planes of the crystals on both sides of the TB are colored differently to show the $ABAB\dots$ stacking sequence. A two-layer step (double step [1, 17]) is created to observe the mobility of such a zonal dislocation. (b) A magnified view of the “double layer” (dashed lines with the same color) structure of the $\{10\overline{1}2\}$ twinning plane. The interplanar spacing is 0.19 nm.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a) The twinning orientational relationship across the TB (pink line), established during twin growth. (b) A magnified view near the TB, with the red arrow indicating the twinning direction. The basic repeating unit (red box) in the matrix (top crystal above TB) is perpendicular to that in the twin. The flat basal plane in the matrix becomes the corrugated prism plane in the twin, and the corrugated prism plane in the matrix becomes the flat basal plane. (c) Shuffling displacements (2D projection) experienced by the atoms at the TB to achieve the prism-basal conversion in (b). An arrow is attached to each atom to show the displacement.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

(a) 3D view of the hcp Mg lattice. The colored basal planes show the normal stacking sequence $ABAB\dots$ along the $⟨c⟩$ direction. (b) The projection view of the 3D lattice in the direction along $⟨01\overline{1}0⟩$. A new basal plane can be constructed by connecting the atoms with $\sim a$ spacing. See text for the adjustment shuffling needed. (c) To establish the correct hcp stacking sequence shuffling must also move the marked atoms by $1/6⟨c⟩$ ($\sim 0.09\mathrm{nm}$); see arrows pointing to the final positions (dashed circles).Reuse & Permissions