We consider the second Rényi entropy $S^{(2)}$ in pure lattice gauge theory with $SU(2)$, $SU(3)$, and $SU(4)$ gauge groups, which serves as a first approximation for the entanglement entropy and the entropic $C$-function. We compare the results for different gauge groups using scale setting via the string tension. We confirm that at small distances $l$ our approximation for the entropic $C$-function $C(l)$, calculated for the slab-shaped entangled region of width $l$, scales as $N_c^2-1$ in accordance with its interpretation in terms of free gluons. At larger distances $l$ $C(l)$ is found to approach zero for $N_c=3$, 4, somewhat more rapidly for $N_c=4$ than for $N_c=3$. This finding supports the conjectured discontinuity of the entropic $C$-function in the large-$N$ limit, which was found in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence and which can be interpreted as transition between colorful quarks and gluons at small distances and colorless confined states at long distances. On the other hand, for $SU(2)$ gauge group the long-distance behavior of the entropic $C$-function is inconclusive so far. There exists a small region of lattice spacings yielding results consistent with $N_c=3$, 4, while results from other lattice spacings deviate without clear systematics. We discuss several possible causes for discrepancies between our results and the behavior of entanglement entropy in holographic models.

• Received 20 May 2019

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.034504

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Published by the American Physical Society