Figure 1

Scanning electron microscope image of the sample structure. Schottky gates are labeled $\mathrm{A},\mathrm{B},\dots ,\mathrm{F}$. Sample areas that serve as current and voltage contacts are labeled $I_1$, $I_2$ and $V_1$, $V_2$, respectively.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a) Conductance $G$ (upper panel) and the corresponding thermovoltage $V_{\mathrm{T}}$ (lower panel) of QD1 as a function of the plunger-gate voltage $V_{\mathrm{E}}$. (b) Thermovoltage at seven different temperatures [from low temperatures (large signal amplitude) to high temperatures (small signal amplitude)]: $T_{\mathrm{L}}=40\mathrm{mK}$ (solid), $66\mathrm{mK}$ (dash), $158\mathrm{mK}$ (dot), $257\mathrm{mK}$ (dash-dot), $425\mathrm{mK}$ (dash-dot-dot), $1.04\mathrm{K}$ (short dash), and $1.5\mathrm{K}$ (short dot).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Calculated thermovoltage as a function of $V_{\mathrm{E}}$ for the orthodox (solid lines) and CT-included model (dashed lines). The symbols indicate the maxima of the measured thermovoltage signal for the corresponding temperatures, which are listed in the figure. The inset shows the orthodox model at full scale (solid lines) together with the maxima of the measured thermovoltage signal (marked as dots).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

(a) Thermovoltage of QD2 as a function of the plunger-gate voltage $V_{\mathrm{E}}$ for a series of SET conductance peaks. The positions of the SET conductance peaks are indicated by vertical dashed lines. From low temperatures (large signal amplitude) to high temperatures (small signal amplitude): $T_{\mathrm{e},\left(\mathrm{L}\right)}=134$ (55) mK (solid), 235 (73) mK (dash), 384 (134) mK (dot), 950 (700) mK (dash-dot), and 1540 (1540) mK (dash-dot-dot). (b) Calculated thermovoltage as a function of $V_{\mathrm{E}}$ for the orthodox (dashed lines) and CT-included model (solid lines). Symbols indicate the maxima of the measured thermovoltage signal near the SET conductance peaks at $V_{\mathrm{E}}=-1.9\mathrm{V}$ for the corresponding temperatures (listed in the figure).Reuse & Permissions