Criteria for the observation of strong-field photoelectron holography

T. Marchenko, Y. Huismans, K. J. Schafer, and M. J. J. Vrakking

Phys. Rev. A 84, 053427 – Published 22 November 2011

Abstract

Photoelectron holography is studied experimentally and computationally using the ionization of ground-state xenon atoms by intense near-infrared radiation. A strong dependence of the occurrence of the holographic pattern on the laser wavelength and intensity is observed, and it is shown that the observation of the hologram requires that the ponderomotive energy $U_{p}$ is substantially larger than the photon energy. The holographic interference is therefore favored by longer wavelengths and higher laser intensities. Our results indicate that the tunneling regime is not a necessary condition for the observation of the holographic pattern, which can be observed under the conditions formally attributed to the multiphoton regime.

Received 10 October 2011

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053427

Authors & Affiliations

T. Marchenko^1,*, Y. Huismans², K. J. Schafer³, and M. J. J. Vrakking^2,4

¹UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
²FOM-Institute AMOLF, Science Park 113, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
⁴Max-Born-Institut, Max Born Straße 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

^*tatiana.marchenko@upmc.fr

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Vol. 84, Iss. 5 — November 2011

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Images

Figure 1
Experimental (left column) and calculated (right column) momentum maps for ionization of xenon at various wavelengths and intensities: (a) 1200 nm, 4.3 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.03; (b) 1300 nm, 4.2 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 0.96; (c) 1375 nm, 3.1 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.05; (d) 1475 nm, 3.3 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 0.94; and (e) 1575 nm, 3.4 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 0.87. The logarithmic false-color scale covers three orders of magnitude. The holographic pattern is marked in (a) with a black dashed line.Reuse & Permissions
Figure 2
Experimental (left column) and calculated (right column) momentum maps for ionization of xenon at various wavelengths and intensities: (a) 600 nm, 5.7 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.78; (b) 650 nm, 4.6 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.83; (c) 700 nm, 4.5 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.72; (d) 740 nm, 6.4 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.36; and (e) 800 nm, 6.7 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.23. The logarithmic false-color scale covers four orders of magnitude.Reuse & Permissions
Figure 3
Calculated momentum maps for ionization of xenon at $U_{p} = 5.44$ eV and various wavelengths: (a) 4560 nm, 0.3 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , $R$ = 0.78; (b) 1140 nm, 4.5 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , $R$ = 0.76; (c) 650 nm, 1.4 × 10 $^{14}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , $R$ = 0.86; and (d) 460 nm, 2.8 × 10 $^{14}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , $R$ = 0.91. The logarithmic false-color scale covers three orders of magnitude. The horizontal white lines mark the momentum $p_{y}$ where the parameter $R$ is calculated.Reuse & Permissions
Figure 4
Calculated momentum maps for ionization of xenon at λ = 1840 nm and various intensities: (a) 0.2 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 3.1, $R$ = 0.89; (b) 1.1 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1.3, $R$ = 0.71; (c) 1.9 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 1, $R$ = 0.63; and (d) 2.8 × 10 $^{13}$ W/cm $^{2}$ , γ = 0.8, $R$ = 0.51. The logarithmic false-color scale covers three orders of magnitude. The horizontal white lines mark the momentum $p_{y}$ where the parameter $R$ is calculated.Reuse & Permissions
Figure 5
A diagram showing the range of laser parameters explored in this paper. The filled and empty symbols correspond, respectively, to the presence and absence of the holographic pattern in the momentum maps, shown in the previous figures. A solid horizontal line at $U_{p}$ = 6 eV marks the formal transition from the multiphoton to the tunneling regime, when the Keldysh parameter goes through unity. Note that care must be taken with the interpretation of the results at short wavelengths and high intensity, since enhancement of intensity above the saturation of singly charged xenon ion yield may lead to depletion of the ground state before the tunneling regime can be reached.Reuse & Permissions

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