Abstract
We have demonstrated a method of generation and real-time detection of nanostructures in a cold Rb cloud. These structures, which are periodic gratings of atomic density, appear as a result of interference of atoms diffracted by pulses of an optical standing wave of wavelength We have detected structures of period and Calculations indicate that these density gratings have period for integer N. While the structures with the period are easily detected by Bragg scattering of an optical probe beam, the shorter-period structures are not. For their detection we have developed a three-pulse echo method, in which the shorter-period gratings get converted into the structures with period readily detected in real time. Applications related to lithography are discussed.
- Received 23 October 2001
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.66.023601
©2002 American Physical Society