1321. Acquisition and Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Individuals Over the Age of 60 Years Residing in New Haven, CT, USA

Abstract Background Despite the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, particularly in children, an important burden of pneumococcal disease remains in older adults. The acquisition and transmission rates of pneumococcus between older adults have not been well characterized. Methods Between October 2020-June 2021, couples living in the Greater New Haven Area were enrolled if both individuals were over the age of 60 years and did not have any individuals under the age of 60 years living in the household. Saliva samples and questionnaires regarding social patterns and medical history were obtained every 2 weeks for a period of 10 weeks. Following culture-enrichment, extracted DNA was tested using qPCR for pneumococcus-specific sequences piaB and lytA. Individuals were considered positive for pneumococcal carriage when qPCR Ct-values for piaB +/- lytA were less than 40. Results To date, we have collected 495 saliva samples from 95 individuals (48 households). Of 495 saliva samples, 31 (5.9%) have tested positive for pneumococcus by either piaB only (n=9) or both lytA and piaB (n=22). Of 95 individuals, 16 (16.8%) (representing 13, or 27.1% households) have tested positive at least once. Six of the 16 (37.5%) carriers tested positive at multiple timepoints, though none were colonized at all 6 time points over the course of the 10 weeks of study enrolment. For 3 of the 48 (6.3%) households, both members of the couple were identified as carriers, though not necessarily at the same sampling moment. Conclusion The preliminary findings of this longitudinal transmission model demonstrate evidence of pneumococcal acquisition among older adults measured by molecular tools. These transmission patterns and high rates of pneumococcal carriage in adults were observed during a period when the COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous preventative public health measures that may have reduced pneumococcal transmission (e.g., social distancing, mask wearing, bans on mass gatherings, restaurant closures, travel restrictions). Disclosures Anne Wyllie, PhD, Global Diagnostic Systems (Consultant)Pfizer (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support)PPS Health (Consultant)Tempus Labs, Inc (Research Grant or Support) Ronika Alexander-Parrish, RN, MAEd, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Adriano Arguedas, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Bradford D. Gessner, MD, MPH, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Daniel Weinberger, PhD, Affinivax (Consultant)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)


Session: P-73. Respiratory Infections -Bacterial
Background. Despite the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, particularly in children, an important burden of pneumococcal disease remains in older adults. The acquisition and transmission rates of pneumococcus between older adults have not been well characterized.
Methods. Between October 2020-June 2021, couples living in the Greater New Haven Area were enrolled if both individuals were over the age of 60 years and did not have any individuals under the age of 60 years living in the household. Saliva samples and questionnaires regarding social patterns and medical history were obtained every 2 weeks for a period of 10 weeks. Following culture-enrichment, extracted DNA was tested using qPCR for pneumococcus-specific sequences piaB and lytA. Individuals were considered positive for pneumococcal carriage when qPCR Ct-values for piaB +/-lytA were less than 40.
Results. To date, we have collected 495 saliva samples from 95 individuals (48 households). Of 495 saliva samples, 31 (5.9%) have tested positive for pneumococcus by either piaB only (n=9) or both lytA and piaB (n=22). Of 95 individuals, 16 (16.8%) (representing 13, or 27.1% households) have tested positive at least once. Six of the 16 (37.5%) carriers tested positive at multiple timepoints, though none were colonized at all 6 time points over the course of the 10 weeks of study enrolment. For 3 of the 48 (6.3%) households, both members of the couple were identified as carriers, though not necessarily at the same sampling moment.
Conclusion. The preliminary findings of this longitudinal transmission model demonstrate evidence of pneumococcal acquisition among older adults measured by molecular tools. These transmission patterns and high rates of pneumococcal carriage in adults were observed during a period when the COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous preventative public health measures that may have reduced pneumococcal transmission (e.g., social distancing, mask wearing, bans on mass gatherings, restaurant closures, travel restrictions).
Disclosures  Background. Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) remains a costly complication of hospitalization. Consisting of hospital-acquired ventilated (vHABP) and non-ventilated (nvHABP), and ventilator-associated (VABP) bacterial pneumonia, these conditions themselves are fraught with further complications. We examined hospital resource utilization (HRU) and the rates of important complications in these three groups in a large US database.

Complications and Hospital Resource Utilization among Patients with
Methods. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study within Premier Research database, a source containing administrative, pharmacy, and microbiology data. The three types of NP were identified based on a slightly modified, previously published ICD-9/10-CM algorithm, 1 and compared with respect to hospital costs, length of stay (LOS) and development of C. difficile infection (CDI), extubation failure (EF), and reintubation (RT). CDI was identified by its treatment with metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin. Marginal effects were derived from multivariable regression analyses.

in VABP.
Conclusion. Both HABP and VABP remain associated with significant morbidity and HRU in the US. VABP was associated with the longest post-infection ICU LOS and highest hospital costs.

Session: P-73. Respiratory Infections -Bacterial
Background. Telavancin (TLV) is an advanced generation lipoglycopeptide with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but there are limited patient outcomes in the setting of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation (CFPE). The study objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of TLV to vancomycin (VAN) in CFPE.
Methods. Retrospective cohort conducted from 1/2011-6/2020. Inclusion criteria were: i) age ≥16 years, ii) hospitalized for CFPE with documented signs/symptoms of infection, iii) confirmed or suspected MRSA lower respiratory tract infection, iv) receipt of ≥48 hours of TLV or VAN. The primary outcome was 30-day CFPE-related readmission: infection recurrence, clinical worsening on treatment, or ADE requiring readmission. Secondary outcomes included adverse drug events (ADE) on therapy: acute kidney injury (AKI), rash, thrombocytopenias, cardiac abnormalities.