Urinary creatinine excretion and lean body mass
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2022, Toxicology LettersCitation Excerpt :The KN model has been used and slightly modified by various other groups (Béchaux et al., 2014; Choudhury et al., 2001; Diamond et al., 2003; Fransson et al., 2014; Leconte et al., 2021; Qing et al., 2021; Ruiz et al., 2010). Choudhury et al. (2001) adapted the KN model in terms of growth algorithms for females and males (using the O'Flaherty, 1993 formula as a function of age and gender), Cd concentration in the kidney cortex (calculated based on Cd burden in kidney and kidney weight), and rate of creatinine excretion (based on its relationship with lean body mass using a weighted arithmetic mean from eight studies reported in Forbes and Bruining, 1976). Additionally, while the original KN model C5 parameter (fraction of GI-tract Cd retained in epithelium) was estimated as 4.8% for both women and men (Kjellstrom and Nordberg, 1978), Choudhury et al. (2001) suggested a gender difference and proposed 5% for men and 10% for women given the shown increased intestinal absorption for women caused by lower body iron stores (Järup and Åkesson, 2009).
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Present address: Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.