Solar Power Development: A Root for Sustainable Development of India

Sustainable development of second most populated country of world, India depends on the planning and utilization of conventional and non-conventional energy sources. Presently energy safety has top most prime concerned for sustainable development. Energy barriers/bottleneck, prospect of solar energy with consideration of cost, hot spot of solar energy, government policies, training and education of solar sector and data of solar radiation analyze in this article. Key aspect that helpful in barrier reduction and growth of solar sector suggested through paper. By this study it has been found that sustainable growth of India depend of utilization of solar energy. Full concentration by country over solar sector necessary for satisfying future demand of energy for country growth and development.


INTRODUCTION
As second most populated country in the world India demanding more than 280GW energy for fulfill their existing demand. [1] Due to rise in population and increasing in the energy demand. Current installed capacity in India is in sufficient to meet current demand. By International Energy Agency report up to 2035 India demanding more than 800GW energy as installed capacity. [2] In India approximate 60% of power supply based on coal based thermal power, and market based on fossil fuel is continuously goes down and India needs to switch if power generation from conventional to non-conventional power generation [3]. Our conventional fossil fuel resource continuously deplete and touch the condition of running out. [4] Due to the production of large amount of greenhouse gases by the use of fossil fuel, it is mandatory to switch power production from conventional to non-conventional clean energy resource, but when we talk about solar energy potential in India, its contribution is only 5,000 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) approximately with presence of approximately 300 sunny days. [5] Seasonal and periodical variation is the biggest drawback of solar power supply system and this drawback can easily dumbed out by connecting the solar supply system by grid for regular power supply [6]. In India rural electrification can easily handle by PV system. India using centralized power supply system, which suffer with transmission losses (35% in rural and 25% in urban). These losses can reduced by decentralized supply system and PV system I one of the option for that decentralized power supply system. [7] In this manuscript author has shown the potential of solar energy and growth steps taken by Government of India. In this article author discuses regarding the main barrier of solar power growth market. Author also discussed regarding the key recommendation helpful for growth of solar sector in India.

METHODOLOGY
In article helpful in the finding of problem faced by solar power sector in India as well as opportunity for its growth. In this research qualitative approach like interview, case study and pilot study are used for the data collection from various sources and after that analysis of this data utilized in problem understanding and suggested best possible solution of the problem. [8] In this research already published Government/private organization statistical report analyzed deeply, these organization are well known in the field of solar power sector and work on the solar energy development in India. During study ten developer of solar sector were interviewed on the issues of solar sector in India with discussion on the limitations related to financing, technical aspect, policies, infrastructure, transparency plus accountability. The research team has interacted with technical, academic, research organization, Government officials related to the solar sector to receive perspective of growth, development and bottlenecks in solar power sector.

INDIA SOLAR ENERGY PROFILE
India is tropical country and total landmass is approximately 3 million Kilometer 2, this landmass indicate the rich solar energy/power profile.   Government of India has launched IT based platform to access information of developer and investor of local and international level. This platform also provide information regarding the guideline released by Government of India. This platform offer a single step process of information of any kind of government approval, contracts, any query and any formality to process any solar power project.

BOTTLENECKS/BARRIERS IN SOLAR POWER GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
For sustainable development, it is necessary for us we save energy in all aspect and quickly switch on renewable energy sources, but it is not easy target for India when we face number of growth problem and move for number one position on population. Sustainable development blocked by some energy sustainability barriers in various ways. Lack of education and training, legal, regulatory, market, lack investment in R&D and/or financial barriers are some of energy sustainability bottlenecks/barriers [10].

Bottlenecks/barrier due to lack of Education and training
The Biggest bottleneck in growth of solar sector in India is inefficient education and training system in field of solar power. And India rural sector is facing this problem mainly. In rural area due to lack of education numbers of people used conventional energy source for power production and lighting management. By the help of proper education and training program utilization of solar power can easily enhanced. In India there is an enough scope of development of solar power sector in rural area by education program and training session. Indian Government on regularly announcing the solar development program for awareness of solar power but due to lack of education less number of people's shown the interest in these training program and not getting benefit of such type of program.

Bottlenecks/barrier due to financing schemes
India is developing country and more than 90% population depends of the conventional energy source and from this fact Indian banking system also not take care too much about development of solar sector in past year but now days due to policies of Indian government banking system also provides financial help to solar power sector and encourages the large and small solar power business sector. Starting cost of any solar power project is too much high as compare to other conventional power projects. But in later stage solar power generation does not have any fuel cost and also hit very less operation and maintenance cost. So in case of any solar project initial cost is too high but later on the cost is very less due to this high initial cost solar power project adopted by very less number of people for house-hold power generation. To encourage the people for adopting solar based electricity generation government of India give subsidies on solar power project.

Lack of Investment in Research & Development
Investment policies in R & D is not up to mark in India in both government and private level. Most of the latest technology is assisted by some another country. The biggest example for that is India don't have their domestic solar power panel manufacturer and for the supplies of solar panel we depends on our native country China. On the other side in developed country Government and different agency invest good wealth in solar program. Second technological barrier is less information of technology and manufacturing methods for assist solar power sector. As example cell & Module manufacturing facilities are limited and small while Trina Solar produces more than 8GW of manufacturing facility which is more than the total manufacturing facility of the entire Indian module manufacturer put together. But now Indian government take effective steps to put India as a key manufacturer of cell and module but journey is too long.

Lack of information regarding data of solar radiation
For the development of any solar power project information of solar and weather forecast is very necessary on daily basis. Global horizontal irradiance (-GHI‖) play very significance role in growth of solar PV plants. For selected Mega Watt(MW) capacity, plant size, number panels, land mass, capacity factor and the cost of the plant determine by GHI.